Graves Disease Essay

The exact mechanism of the autoimmune disease is unknown. Some of the medications that increase the risk of Hashimoto’s disease are called interferon, lithium, and amiodaron. The environmental radiations that one would be exposed to can increase the risk of getting hypothyroidism as well as having the Hashimoto’s Disease. The symptoms of the disease can develop after a pregnancy and a viral illness. Symptoms of Hashimoto’s disease tend to develop slowly over a period of several years. There are several different symptoms a couple of the visual symptoms are the enlargement of the thyroid and growth of the nodular. Other symptoms for the disease are that of being fatigue, having an intolerance for the cold, the menstrual cycle changes as well as infertility, can have an unexplained weight gain can happen and many more symptoms. There are some experiences of the patient having tenderness and prolonged pain, but pain is not a common symptom of the

Graves ' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). The thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system. The gland is located at the front of the neck above where the collarbones meet. This gland releases the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which control body metabolism. Controlling metabolism is important for regulating mood, weight, and mental and physical energy levels. When the body makes too much thyroid hormone, the condition is called hyperthyroidism. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and is most common in women over age 20. But the disorder can occur at any age and can affect men as well. Some of the symptoms of Graves diseases are

Graves’ disease was named after Robert J. Graves, MD, around the 1830’s. It is an autoimmune disease indicated by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies, which is an antibody that attacks the person’s own body. The immune system attacks the thyroid gland, which causes it to produce too much thyroxine. Thyroxine is a hormone that helps control growth and also regulates metabolism in the body. While the thyroxine levels are high the patient’s metabolic rate increases, which can have an effect on their physical appearance as well as their frame of mind. Graves’ disease is the number one cause of hyperthyroidism in the U.S.

However Graves' disease is named after the Irish physician who described several cases in London Medical Journal in 1835. Graves' disease is also known as Parry's disease. In Europe, the disease is known as Basedow's disease. It is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis (the morbid condition due to over activity of the thyroid gland).

Hyperthyroidism (too much hormone) may result Grave's disease. Symptoms include anxiety, rapid heart rate, diarrhea and weight loss, nervousness, anxiety, and irritability.

In November, 2010 my father was diagnosed with Graves disease. He presented symptoms of vertigo, double vision, fatigue, abnormal protrusion of the eyes, insomnia, and irritability. Due to his kidney donation in 2005 doctors were worried about possible complications, and did not think about thyroid conditions. After multiple wrong diagnoses, thyroid tests were conducted. These tests including thyroid function tests, radioactive iodine uptake, and antibody tests, finally a diagnosis of Graves was made (Cooper, 2012). After the diagnosis his anxiety increased dramatically, knowing that he was going to have to deal with a chronic illness the rest of his life. He underwent 2 surgeries to loosen and reposition the muscles that allow your eyes to move. A year later he was still having dangerous swelling and

Common signs and symptoms of Graves' disease and hyperthyroidism include among others: anxiety and irritability, heat sensitivity, weight loss, bulging eyes, chest pain, fatigue, rapid or irregular heartbeat, increased sweating, tremors on hands or fingers, change in menstrual cycles for females and erectile dysfunction for males. Additionally to these symptoms, if Graves’ disease isn’t treated, other symptoms such as eye problems can develop. Eye problems that are related to Graves’ disease can be anywhere from mild—where the person’s eyes may become red and inflamed—or severe, which causes an inflammation of the eye muscle (also called exophthalmos) (Mayo Clinic Staff,

The purpose of this abstract is to examine Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto’s disease, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, which is an autoimmune disease. By researching this condition through medical journals, related associations, and relevant reports, I was able to gather information on the effects to health associated with this disease. The causes of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are not clearly understood, however certain people are more likely than others to have this condition. Also, those with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are more likely to have other autoimmune diseases. Normally, the condition develops slowly, and its signs and symptoms are indistinct, and can be similar to other conditions. To diagnose Hashimoto’s disease,

The treatment that is best for you will depend on many factors and is something that your doctor will help you figure out. Without treatment, Graves' disease can have many complications including:

In medical journals, there is extensive information on how health care providers treat patients with Graves’ disease but there is little information on how Graves’ disease affects the quality of life. There is a need to incorporate patients’ quality of life considerations into treatment. The treatment includes thyroid hormone supplements, antithyroid drugs, radioiodine, and surgery (Watt, 2014; Abraham-Nordling, Torring, Hamberger, Lundell, Tallstedt, Calissendorff & Wallin 2005). The goal of treatment of Graves’ disease is to control symptoms of hyperthyroidism. These methods are all effectively restoring euthyroidism but have serious side effects. Anti-thyroid drug presence indicates a higher likelihood or remission or even hypothyroidism following drug therapy because of autoimmune destruction of the thyroid (Ginsberg, 2003).

However Graves' disease is named after the Irish physician who described several cases in London Medical Journal in 1835. Graves' disease is also known as Parry's disease. In Europe, the disease is known as Basedow's disease. It is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis (the morbid condition due to over activity of the thyroid gland).

Surgery to remove the thyroid is a cure to eliminate hyperthyroidism, but a thyroidectomy will require hormone medication for the rest of the animal’s life. As with any surgery with anesthesia, there is a risk, and since the parathyroid gland is in close proximity to the thyroid gland, care must be taken to not damage the parathyroid gland. Medication to control the production of excess T3 and T4 hormone is a treatment, not a cure for the disease. However, if the animal has side effects which have to be dealt with, daily dosing of anti-thyroid medication, and veterinarian visits for blood tests fall to the responsibility of the owner. Radioactive iodine therapy is a safe, effective way to kill the thyroid abnormal tissue, providing another cure for hyperthyroidism. An injection of the radioactive iodine is performed by the veterinarian and the iodine is engrossed by the bloodstream, with no adverse side effects or the risk of anesthesia. Since this treatment is radioactive, hospitalization after injection must be adhered until the

Grave’s disease (GD) is rare in childhood (1); however, it is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents (2). Graves’s orbitopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroid manifestation of GD but it can be present in 5 to 10% of euthyroid patients (3). Usually, both eyes are equally affected, although 9% of patients may present an asymmetric form (4). It can develop before, during or after the onset of hyperthyroidism (5), but presents a wide range of atypical presentations that reveal a pathogenesis still enigmatic. The evidence indicates that anti-TSHR antibodies are probably responsible for the genesis of the GO, and there are some polymorphisms that show a high enough risk of GO suggesting a complex genetic basis (6).

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder and one of the most common cause of overactive thyroid. It Is characterised by hyperthyroidism and goitre, extrathyroidal manifestations like proptosis and sometimes localized manifestations of the connective tissue system such as dermopathy and ophthalmopathy.

The case study selected focused on Grave’s disease an autoimmune disorder involving over production of thyroid hormones triidiothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). In the United States it is the most common form of hyperthyroidism. The over taxed organ then becomes enlarged (goiter). This case study report will discuss the clinical progression and presentation of this disease, define and describe what an autoimmune disorder is, outline what clinical testing is performed for proper diagnosis, and the treatments involved for management of the disease and those afflicted.