Graves Disease (GD)

Graves ' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). The thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system. The gland is located at the front of the neck above where the collarbones meet. This gland releases the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which control body metabolism. Controlling metabolism is important for regulating mood, weight, and mental and physical energy levels. When the body makes too much thyroid hormone, the condition is called hyperthyroidism. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and is most common in women over age 20. But the disorder can occur at any age and can affect men as well. Some of the symptoms of Graves diseases are

Graves’ disease was named after Robert J. Graves, MD, around the 1830’s. It is an autoimmune disease indicated by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies, which is an antibody that attacks the person’s own body. The immune system attacks the thyroid gland, which causes it to produce too much thyroxine. Thyroxine is a hormone that helps control growth and also regulates metabolism in the body. While the thyroxine levels are high the patient’s metabolic rate increases, which can have an effect on their physical appearance as well as their frame of mind. Graves’ disease is the number one cause of hyperthyroidism in the U.S.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, also called Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland. It was named for the Japanese surgeon who discovered it in 1912 The thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland in the front of the neck. The thyroid makes hormones called T3 and T4. These hormones regulate metabolism. The thyroid is controlled by hormones of the pituitary gland, which is also called the “master gland.” It is a pea-sized gland located in the base of the brain which, among others, makes thyroid stimulating hormone, or TSH. TSH stimulates the thyroid to make thyroid hormone. With Hashimoto’s disease, the thyroid cells are damaged resulting in the inability to make enough thyroid

Hashimoto thyroiditis is a common disease caused by hypothyroidism. The immune system cells attack the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and eventually destruction of the gland. This reduces the thyroids ability to make hormones. These hormones are known as thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) (Better health channel 2015).

L.H. report no concurrent or severe headaches; There was no head trauma, syncope or vertigo. Patient wears corrective lens with no difficulty of vision or diplopia; absent of inflammation, discharge or lesion. Last eye exam was in September of 2016 with no history of glaucoma, cataracts. L.H. denies having any frequent colds, sinusitis, epistaxis and trauma. Patient reports having obstruction stating, “it happens when I am lying down” with an occasional postnasal drip.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis can also come as an attack on the thyroid via an autoimmune disorder. The immune system can attack the thyroid; however, no one knows exactly why this

• You have facial pain, pain around the eye area, or loss of feeling on one side of your face.

However Graves' disease is named after the Irish physician who described several cases in London Medical Journal in 1835. Graves' disease is also known as Parry's disease. In Europe, the disease is known as Basedow's disease. It is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis (the morbid condition due to over activity of the thyroid gland).

Response: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is characterized as a type of immune disorder and is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in America.1 The gradual failure of the thyroid is due to an autoimmune disorder that is causing glandular destruction.2 Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are two hormones

Whereas Hashimoto’s is an under active or under developed thyroid gland, Graves’ disease is the opposite. Graves' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones, better known as hyperthyroidism. Although a number of disorders may result in hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease is a common cause. (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/graves-disease/basics/definition/con-20025811)

Hyperthyroidism (too much hormone) may result Grave's disease. Symptoms include anxiety, rapid heart rate, diarrhea and weight loss, nervousness, anxiety, and irritability.

The main cause of hyperthyroidism Graves’ disease which affects quite a few people in the general population. This disease is characterized as an autoimmune disorder. This means that the body makes antibodies known as thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin that bind and over activate the production of thyroid hormones [3]. So in essence the antibody mimics the thyroid stimulating hormone and when the negative feedback loop is in affect the antibody still binds to the thyroid and T3 and T4 are over produced [2].

Stated by Web MD, for most people, there are usually few or no symptoms of glaucoma. The first sign of glaucoma is often the loss of peripheral or side vision, which can go unnoticed until late in the disease. This is why glaucoma is often called the "sneak thief of vision." Symptoms to look out for include, seeing halos around lights, vison loss, redness in the eye, nausea, pain in the eye, and narrowing of vison otherwise known as tunnel vison.

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder and one of the most common cause of overactive thyroid. It Is characterised by hyperthyroidism and goitre, extrathyroidal manifestations like proptosis and sometimes localized manifestations of the connective tissue system such as dermopathy and ophthalmopathy.

Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. Small goiters usually do not cause any difficulties or problems in life. However, large goiters are not aesthetically pleasing. Also, it causes difficulty in swallowing and breathing. The symptoms of Goiter include fatigue, weight gain, unintended weight loss, irritability, and trouble sleeping.Goiter can be either be caused by over-function of the thyroid gland or with under-function of the thyroid gland, which also causes inadequate levels of thyroid hormones. Both the hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism affect can cause Goiter. Also, there are some other health conditions that can initiate Goiter. The conditions are iodine deficiency, Graves’ disease, thyroid cancer, benign tumors,