Gravity and Its Theory

1. Identification: In the 17th century, various fields of science began to advance. Isaac Newton combined the ideas of earlier scientists, and developed the concept of gravity.

In 1916 Einstein proposed his new General Theory of Relativity that built upon Newton's Universal Theory of Gravitation which showed "that gravity is responsible for the motions of both planets and falling objects near the Earth" (Fix, p 86). Einstein' theory "describes gravity as a curvature in four-dimensional spacetime" (Singh, p. 502). The original intent of the theory was to explain the inaccuracies of Mercury's orbit when using Newton's law and the Sun's bending of light.

“Although the satellite is always falling towards the earth, because of gravity, the right combination of height and speed causes the satellite to fall as much as the earth curves, so the satellite never crashes”

First, Sir Isaac Newton discovered gravity after observing an apple fall to the ground. However, one of his most notable contributions is not the discovery of gravity but his discovery that gravitation is universal. The force of gravitational attraction is directly dependent upon the masses of both objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates their centers.

Copernicus came up with another theory. The theory was that the center of gravity is the earth, and the earth is the center of the moon's orbit. Copernicus theory was that planets revolve around the sun. People at this time didn't know how

In this time period the Greeks emperors believed and paid lot of money to have astronomers make new discoveries of the planets and stars. Astronomy was a big mixture of knowing how the planets worked and mathematics. As more and more theories began coming to picture, each of them were built off of eachother. These theories also allowed inventions to come to life, some that we even use still today such as the telescope. Even though these theories and inventions are old, they have influenced today's technologies and space science. Just how Newton's theory of gravity was influenced on other great greek astronomers and their studies.

Before Newton talked about gravitation the main knowledge of scientists was a elementary knowledge of optics, mechanics and astronomy.Copernicus Kepler and Galileo provided the background knowledge of the stars and planets, but Newton used their data to discover the whole gravitational system.10Newton reasoned that the planets and all other physical objects in the universe moved through mutual attraction of gravity.Newton said that every other object in the universe affected every other object through gravity.This explained why the planets move in an orderly fashion. Newton found that “the force of gravity towards the whole planet did arise from and was compounded of the forces of gravity towards all it’s parts, and towards every one part was in the inverse proportion of the squares of the distances from this part.”Newton proves all of this mathematically. This was known to be the single most important contribution to physics that ever has been made.11

Gravity is the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass. Gravity of the Earth pulls objects towards the center of the planet. Gravity or gravitational forces are forces of attraction.

Gravity is the force of attraction that holds everything in its place, like the planets in orbit around the sun.

In the 16th Century a Polish astronomer, Copernicus ,made a model that placed the Sun in the centre of the Solar System. Before then, astronomers had very complicated models which tried to explain the movement of the planets. They were said to move forwards then backwards. Astronomers had a theory that the planets were spheres in spheres which could explain the movement of the planets. Although Copernicus simplified it all and showed that the Earth was orbiting the Sun and the weird motions of the planets was easier to understand as the Earth caught up to them then passed them in orbit

Sir Isaac Newton a famous philosopher, astronomer, physicist, scientist and mathematician was mostly known for his law of gravitation that states, “that any two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.” Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, England. At the age of 12, he was enrolled to the King’s School in Grantham, a town in Lincolnshire. However after a while his mother pulled him out of school due to the fact that she wanted to make him a farmer but he did not enjoy farming. Thankfully, he was sent back to King’s school to finish his education. His uncle , a graduate of the University

#1) (A) Issac Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation is: Two bodies attracted to each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This means that the further apart these two attracting bodies are from each other, the less the gravitational force between them is. The force of gravity depends on the product of the mass of the two attracting bodies. If the distance between the two bodies doubles, the force between them becomes one quarter of the force it was before.

In the times before Newton, religion dominated how people viewed the world around them. Many believed that God had complete control. This left very little room for things like mathematical laws that could explain things like gravity. Newton's laws explain many things like gravity between objects and the movement of the planets around the solar system. Before he did the math to explain these occurrences, much was unknown about things like the shape of orbits of the planets. The math Newton did resulted in equations that can explain cause and effect relationships of objects in space. For example Newton's laws of gravity can explain the tides on Earth. Due to gravitational pull from the Moon, water in the oceans is pulled in the direction of

“Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that the gravitational attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies (Sumich, J.L., 1996; Thurman, H.V., 1994).”

In order to explain the effects of gravity we must begin by explaining what causes the phenomenon. Objects with mass warp space time. The idea that space and time possess the ability to be curved or warped is recent. Before, the axioms of Euclidean geometry were considered to be true. One of the consequences of these axioms is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180°. Considering for example, the surface of the Earth. The closest thing to a straight line we have is a curve. These are the shortest distances between two points, the same routes that our airplanes use. Now consider a triangle on the surface of the earth. The angles of a triangle on a curved are larger than those on a flat surface resulting in a triangle with more than 180(degrees).