Great Migration. Roberto Barriga . History 101. Instructor:

Similar to The Great Migration, The Second Great Migration was the movement of more than five million African Americans from the South to the North, Midwest and West from 1941 to 1970. Between 1930 and 1950, the number of Southern tenant farmers was cut roughly in half, while the number of tractors tripled from 1940 to 1950 (“Second Great Migration: Historical Overview”). Adding to the troubles, many planters started to use the mechanized cotton picker. The need for laborers at harvest time was therefore drastically decreased. Besides a terrible economic situation, Southerners, as they had done during the Great Migration, were also fleeing Jim Crow. Also, with little hope of glow in the justice system, African Americans were at the crime of abusive employers, landlords, and almost anyone bent on depriving them of their rights (“Second Great Migration”). Once World War II came about and the United States became engaged in a two-front war against Japan and Germany, production shifted into higher gear. In addition to the usual needs for armaments, clothing, food, and training facilities, the naval war with Japan stimulated increased shipbuilding and the making of naval material, much of it directed to and through Pacific coast ports.

Around 1914 to 1920, over 500,000 African Americans had gathered their belongings and embarked on a journey to the North. World War I and the economic boom that accompanied it created the conditions that made the entrance of black migrants into northern industries possible. However, until then European immigrants had been arriving at an annual rate that surpassed the North’s total black population, thus providing employers with

African Americans participated in the Great migration because they were terrorized and looked down upon in the South. They were lynched, housing situations were terrible, there were no jobs or education accessible to them. Economic inequality was a huge issue, African Americans worked unfair labor practices which made it easy when jobs became available in the North. Floods in Alabama and Mississippi pushed African Americans out of the area, as well as the impact that the boll weevil had on the crops, it took out cotton, the key cash crop (pg. 46-47). The segregation laws in the South were redundant and they led to a great deal of mob violence, particularly in Georgia and South Carolina (pg. 52).

The South was a complete mess after the Civil War. The early part of the 20th century brought many changes for African Americans. There was a difficult challenge of helping newly free African American slaves assimilate among their white counterparts. They suffered from crop failures, economic hardships, and the early failures of Reconstruction in the south. So as result many Southern African Americans migrated to northern cities in search of employment and a chance at a better life. However, Southern African Americans migrating to northern cities quickly discovered that they were not able to enjoy the same social and economic mobility experienced by their European immigrant counterparts arriving around the same time. There were many

From the early 1900s – 1920s the Great Black Migration occurred. In addition, the Great Migration occurred in the early 1900s and ended shortly after the Great War. The Great Black Migration was a time where blacks left the south to seek a better lifestyle in the Midwestern, Northern, and Eastern states. Blacks fled the South to seek better jobs, escape racism and discrimination, and to look for better schooling for their children. The Great Black Migration mostly occurred in the states of Illinois, Missouri, New York, and California. During the Great Migration, more than 100,000 blacks migrated to Harlem, New York. In Chicago and New York City, blacks were empowered by black-owned businesses, newspapers, and communities. Newspaper

The Great Migration seemed to begin again after a short period of time during the Great Depression. The price of crops fell dramatically during the Great Depression, causing African Americans to leave the South, mostly to the western United States this time, though some still traveled to northern cities. They moved to western cities, particularly in California, for more economic opportunity since the need for farmers had declined thanks to government plans to help stop the Great Depression. Jim Crow Laws were still enforced in the South and African Americans continued to leave to find better race relations. “Although lynching had greatly diminished by 1935 - there were eighteen lynchings that year - violence was still prevalent in the South. People were threatened, beaten, fired from their jobs, and publicly humiliated.” African Americans had to flee from the South and from the violence that was attributed to the region. Another reason for this second Great Migration was because of World War II. Many industries would switch to making wartime goods which called for extra labor. Men would go off to fight, and women and African Americans would be able to fill the job left behind. Family members and newspapers also added to the new movement. Letters would be sent back to families still in the South and explain how much better it was and the economic opportunity. Some newspapers would urge African Americans to move from the South for better relations in regards to race, and for

Without The Great Migration, or the migration of African Americans from 1915 to 1970 from the south to the north, the north would have suffered economically (Wilkerson 8). Specifically, without the Great Migration, the north would have faced extensive job shortages, that would have eventually led to economic turmoil. One cause of The Great Migration was the need for southern African Americans to take industrial jobs in the north. Furthermore, during times of war, many men were removed from the workforce, meaning that the north needed additional workers to fill the now vacated spots. (The Great) The north needed the southern African Americans in order to fill these slots, and without them, the north’s economy would have suffered

The Great Migration was a huge relocation of African Americans from the Southern states of the United States to northern and Midwestern cities. This occurred between the years of 1910 and 1970. Over 6 million African Americans traveled to Northern cities during the migration. Some northern city destinations were Richmond, D.C, Baltimore, New York, and Newark. Western and Midwestern destinations were those such as Los Angelos, San Francisco, St. Louis, Chicago, and Detroit. During this time period and previous years, Jim Crow laws in the South were greatly in affect and causing African Americans a rough time due to the racism they faced. After Reconstruction had ended, white supremacy had taken it's toll in the South and Jim Crow had

1.Great Migration-relocation 6 million African Americans, going to from South to the Mid Northeast, looking for jobs and opportunities and more experience. Hard to find work due to lacking of skills. Push factors were escaping injustice and racism.

The Great Migration also began a new era of increasing political activism among African Americans, who after being disenfranchised in the South found a new place for themselves in public life in the cities of the North and West. Black migration slowed a lot when the Great depression hit but picked up again with the coming of World War 2. The Great Migration enabled more African Americans to exercise their right to vote under the fifteenth amendment. Although the fifteenth amendment had also taken place in South, the white southerners had been able to pass legislation which in turn prevented African Americans from exercising this important right. In fact, by the year 1908, more than ten Southern States had already rewritten their constitutions to restrict voting rights through grandfather clauses, poll taxes as well as literacy taxes.

If they didn’t want to be segregated against or wanted any type of freedom they would have to migrate to the northern states (Walter White Project, 2016). In today’s life, African Americans have the same opportunities as any other race no matter where they live or what other differences they have. Back then Africans Americans had to attend different schools then Caucasians. Well it was said to be “separate but equal”, that was often not the case. Now a days African Americans get equal schooling as anyone else and that is defiantly an advancement from where it used to

The Great Migration brought about changes that would bring prosperity to most, but little did they know, it would come with a price. That price was endured through various social, economic, and political challenges that occurred during this harsh time in black history. Many opportunities were available for families that would travel far to take advantage of opportunities that would start a new beginning. The Great Migration was a movement of hope that there is a land that is free of oppression and strife. However, black families in the north faced issues that were troubling and contradicting to their belief of the north. Their thoughts of living racism free and gaining economic power was far fetch when they experienced the challenges of the north. The challenges blacks faced during the Great Migration paved the way for numerous opportunities and breakthroughs we have experienced and have not experienced today.

American demographics were drastically changed due to World War II. The most dramatic of these changes was the migration of African-Americans from the South to the North. This migration was larger than the “great migration” from World War I, which moved approximately one and a half million African-Americans from the South to the North between 1910 and 1940. In the 1940s, two million African-Americans migrated from the South to the North and three million would migrate in the twenty years following the war, resulting in a great demographic change within the United States. As Brinkley points out, this change would have taken place with or without the war, but due to industrial work opportunities presented due to the war, it accelerated the movement of African-Americans from the South into the North and the center of the country.

Before the act of slavery 1916,lots of African American’s were being transported to the northern and southern part of America to farm on the plantation but when congress passed the act of slavery it forbid that states couldn’t have slaves while some people didn’t agree with it some people did . People had rebellions because of not having slaves to grow more crops, that day people who owned slaves lost money in crops and production because of the loss of slaves.

The Second Great migration started in 1940 and lasted till 1971. The Migration happened because of economic reasons and racial reasons. In the south at that time, there was lots of poverty and lack of education. Also there was segregation still happening at that time because of Jim Crow laws that unfairly treated people that were african American. Laws like drinking from different fountains or sitting the back of the bus were examples of Jim crow laws. Another reason why African Americans moved it was because the only jobs they had were from farming which offered little in the way of economic opportunity. Meanwhile in the north there wasn’t as much racism and violence towards African americans and there were was more opportunities to make a living than in the south. In 1970 the great migration ended. The push and pull factors are factors that make a population get forcefully pushed into migration or that attract a population which causes it to migrate. In the Second Great Migration, the push factors were racism and less opportunities for African AMerican the pull factors were that there was less racism compared to the south and there were more opportunities for black people instead of just working at a farm for their entire life. The pull factors are that there was lots of racism in the south, but in the north the racism was less. Due to the war, there were more jobs for African Americans, which were better than picking cotton in the south. In the Newspaper, they were