2.1. Urban green area definition and characteristics According to James et al. (2009) the terms green space and open space are often used interchangeably. James et al. (2009) considered green spaces as land, whether publicly or privately owned and consists of predominantly unsealed, permeable, surfaces such as soil, grass, shrubs, trees and water. Urban areas are characterized by mosaics of land, which are commercial buildings, residential areas, industrial buildings, and these interspersed with
Introduction Parks and squares provide the important service of recreation and leisure to many people. They are areas of open, natural or landscaped place which have been strategically and purposefully been placed within urban and built up areas for every citizens’ enjoyment. Parks feature natural characteristics such as trees, grass, rocks and soil. Man-made structures such as fountains, walkways and benches are also used to enhance these areas to attract people. Urban areas are often referred
are the factors affecting this? London, an area of 1,572 square kilometers, is home to 8.7 million people. According to Greenspace Information for Greater London (GiGL), up to ‘39% of Greater London can be classified as green open space’ - 14.2m2 per resident, of which nearly half (17.88% of total space) is classified as being parks or woodland. In this essay I will be discussing how the character and quantity of these open spaces differ across two areas, Tower Hamlets (TH) and The City, before suggesting
emphasized that urban parks, green spaces, and recreational places are important for providing residents with physical and emotional benefits in a variety of ways (Grahn and Stigsdotter, 2010). Particularly, people can relieve mental fatigue in urban green spaces, which serve as a resource for physical activities as well as relaxation and restoration. In addition, much empirical evidence supports the idea that natural amenities (e.g., urban parks, forests, and green belts) in an urban area contribute to
benefits to a specific area of mediation. As Gestalt’s Theory in psychology states, “the whole is greater then the sum of the parts.” To have a successful whole you must have numerous inter-reliant components with different levels of priority depending on effectiveness, cost, social impact, and time frame. Every group had its own suggestions for green infrastructure. The most popular method among the projects was the implementation of green roofs. As every group stated, green roofs can help regulate
To: The Park Manager This report demonstrates the current financial situation for the Stratton Township Park and makes recommendations for the annual program budget for the next fiscal year. We first show the current annual budget program, indicating line-item details for each function by account and summarizing the park budget as a whole. Second, we find the break-even points for the golf course green fee and the pool admission to determine what the park would have to charge in order to cover
can see abandoned places and buildings such as factories, train yards, gas stations, strip malls... Therefore, to contribute to long-term sustainability, we should reduce, reuse and recycle materials and abandoned properties as well as constructing green structures or energy efficient buildings... The United States Environmental Protection Agency defines “A brownfield is an abandoned, idled, or underused industrial or commercial facility in which redevelopment is burdened by real or potential environmental
Bolivarplaats is situated on the southern edge of the city’s central area and it is separating urban area by an immense motorway, which we can see on figure 1. The motorway cuts off the boulevard that leads to the city. Due to this fact the new building of Law Courts has been design is such a way to act as a connection of the city. On one side the building looks down Antwerp's busy main boulevard, Amerikalei, while on the other it borders open green space surrounded by the roads of a motorway. One road passes
ecology. Since I enjoy visiting parks around Seattle area during my leisure time, I participated another volunteer work available at Crestwoods Park in Kirkland. Green Kirkland Partnership and UW Restoration Ecology Network hosted this volunteer work on Martin Luther King’s day, January 20, 2014. In this volunteer work, volunteers were to remove invasive vegetation and spread mulch around the area that had been cleared. Since this is my first time volunteering for Green Kirkland Partnership and UW Restoration
Influences of planning theorists are evident in The Lawn at the University of Virginia and IX Art Park in downtown Charlottesville by examining the sites’ designs, activities, and users. Thomas Jefferson designed a university to promote higher education which he called his Academic Village, and the Lawn was the center of his design. He wanted to create a university where everybody could not only learn and study, but also live together. Therefore, he designed pavilions which served as houses and