Grignard Reagent Lab Report

In part A, the Grignard reagent was created. Mg is added between the benzene ring and the bromine by means of a non-chain radical reaction. Initially, Mg donates and electron to bromide and heterolytically breaks the C-Br bond; therefore, this results in a carbon radical, Br - ion, and a Mg+ radical. Next, the carbon radical and the Mg+ radical bond together, and the Mg and Br - ionically bond together2. In the experiment, no initial color change to cloudy gray was observed. Eventually, it was decided to try and

A reaction of the Grignard reagent and carbon dioxide results in an acid, and reaction of a nitrile and a Grignard reagent produce a carbonyl via an imine intermediate. These are show below, respectively.

A chemical reaction is when substances (reactants) change into other substances (products). The five general types of chemical reactions are synthesis (also known as direct combination), decomposition, single replacement (also known as single displacement), double replacement (also known as double displacement), and combustion. In this lab, the five general types of chemical reactions were conducted and observations were taken before, during, and after the reaction. Then the reactants and observations were used to determine the products to form a balanced chemical equation. The purpose of this lab was to learn and answer the question: How can observations be used to determine the identity of substances produced in a chemical reaction?

Abstract: One mixture of two unknown liquid compounds and one mixture of two unknown solid compounds were separated, isolated, purified, and characterized by boiling point. Two liquid unknowns were separated, isolated, and purified via simple distillation. Then, the process of an acid-base extraction and washing were used to separate two unknown compounds into two crude compounds: an organic acid and a neutral organic compound. Each crude compound was purified by recrystallization, resulting in a carboxylic acid (RCO2H) and a pure organic compound (RZ). The resulting mass of the pure carboxylic acid was 1.688g with a percent recovery of 31.80%, the boiling range was 244-245 °C, and its density was 2.0879g/mL. The resulting mass of the pure organic solid was 2.4902g with a percent recovery of 46.91%, the boiling range was 52.0-53.4°C, and its density was 1.5956 g/mL.

In this experiment, an unknown Grignard reagent was prepared from an aryl halide. The unknown reagent was then reacted with carbon dioxide to form a carboxylic acid. The solid acid was then isolated and recrystallized before the melting point was taken. The precipitate was then dissolved in water and titrated to determine the molecular weight. The melting point and molecular weight were then used to determine the unknown acid obtained from the experiment.

Hydrogens, alkyls, or aryls bonded to carboxyl groups—made up of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group—are known as carboxylic acids. Derivatives of carboxylic acids include acid chlorides, esters, anhydrides, amides, and generally nitriles. These derivatives are formed by the replacement of the hydroxyl group with a different electronegative heteroatom substituent, which can be a single atom, such as a chlorine atom, or a group of atoms, such as in the formation of

After 10 minutes the reaction liquid was separated from the solid using a vacuum filtration system and toluene. The product was stored and dried until week 2 of the experiment. The product was weighed to be 0.31 g. Percent yield was calculated to be 38.75%. IR spectra data was conducted for the two starting materials and of the product. Melting point determination was performed on the product and proton NMR spectrum was given. The IR spectrum revealed peaks at 1720 cm-1, which indicated the presence of a lactone group, and 1730 cm-1, representing a functional group of a carboxylic acid (C=O), and 3300cm-1, indicating the presence of an alcohol group (O-H). All three peaks correspond with the desired product. A second TLC using the same mobile and stationary phase as the first was performed and revealed Rf Values of 0.17 and 0.43for the product. The first value was unique to the product indicating that the Diels-Alder reaction was successful. The other Rf value of 0.43 matched that of maleic anhydride indicating some

The oxidation number of an atom of any free element is ZERO. Means to say there is only one kind of atom present, no charge.

Additionally, creating a dry environment for the reaction tried to reduce the formation of side products. One possible side product was benzene, which was formed during the protonation of the carbanion on the benzene ring during the formation of the Grignard reagent4. The carbanion was very basic meaning that if there was any water in the glassware or moist air in the environment, some of the carbanion will be protonated by the water creating benzene instead of

When looking over my results, I found that the pH level increased from a neutral pH to a basic level of pH. The Miracle- Gro fertilizer that I used is supposed to have a pH of 7. This surprised me because I would think that adding a 10% fertilizer solution would make the water acidic. I thought that the fertilizer would be more acidic because when we learned about rivers, we found out that acid rain decreased the dissolved oxygen levels; also, Eutriporication results in low dissolved oxygen levels. Therefore I believed that the fertilizer would be acidic because of my background knowledge of dissolved oxygen in water. Regardless, the basic water killed the algae, elodea plant and the snails in the water. I also thought that eutrophication would occur in the water when

The Grignard reaction is an important synthetic process by which a new carbon to carbon bond is formed. Magnesium metal is first reacted with an organic halide forming the Grignard reagent. The Grignard reaction is the addition of an organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) to a ketone or aldehyde, to form a tertiary or secondary alcohol, respectively. For example, the reaction with formaldehyde leads to a primary alcohol. Grignard Reagents are also used in the following important reactions: The addition of an excess of a Grignard reagent to an ester or lactone gives a tertiary alcohol in which two alkyl groups are the same, and the addition of a

Through the use of the Grignard reaction, a carbon-carbon bond was formed, thereby resulting in the formation of triphenylmethanol from phenyl magnesium bromide and benzophenone. A recrystallization was performed to purify the Grignard product by dissolving the product in methanol. From here, a melting point range of 147.0 °C to 150.8 °C was obtained. The purified product yielded an IR spectrum with major peaks of 3471.82 cm-1, 3060.90 cm-1, 1597.38 cm-1, and 1489.64 cm-1, which helped to testify whether the identity of the product matched the expected triphenylmethanol. The identity of the product being correct was further confirmed by way of both proton and carbon-13 NMR spectra. This is due to the fact

The purpose of this lab was to synthesize triphenylmethanol from benzophenone and bromobenzene by the formation of a Grignard compound with the reagents bromobenzene and magnesium metal. The bromobenzene was first transformed into the Grignard compound and was then reacted with the benzophenone to make the final product. The mixture was then mixed with sulfuric acid and the organic layer was extracted via a separatory funnel. The mixture was then recrystallized from methanol and was allowed to dry and the percent yield, melting point, and the IR was obtained. The mass of the product obtained was 5.45 grams and the percentage yield was determined to be 41.95%. The melting point range obtained from the final product was 89-91°C

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

What are reactions? Reactions is a process that has changes in its system and force content of atoms. Theres different types of reactions. But the main reactions are: combination or synthesis reactions, decomposition reactions, substitution or single replacement reactions, metathesis or double displacement reactions. The combination or synthesis reaction is one of the most common type of reactions.