Grizzly Bear Geographic Information Systems

The Grizzly Bear is a Keystone species. A keystone species is the center block, of which an ecosystem largely relies on. The Grizzly Bear lives in places such as alpine slopes, avalanche shoots and lower elevation wetlands.

This includes, the need for lumber in Canada and the need to transport oil. Transporting lumber and oil is resulting in polluted waters, and bears feeding on polluted fish. Deforestation is affecting Kermode Bears because of habitat loss and the need to transport the cut trees. In the future Kermode Bears could nearly be extinct because of the proposed Enbridge\Gateway pipeline that would transport oil from Alberta's oil sands through The Great Bear Rainforest, to Kitimat British Columbia. After the pipeline, the oil would be sent to market on large oil tankers, with a chance that the oil could be spilt.

The Grizzly bears population has grown from about 200 in 1975 to approximately 600-1200 in the 18 million acers of the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem. (Yellowstone)

3. Organizing geographic information: Once collected, geographic information should be organized and displayed in ways that help analysis and interpretation; these range from the visual and graphical (e.g., maps, graphs, diagrams, tables) to the written (e.g., essays, paragraphs, pertinent quotes, tables) (NGS).

Tourists appear in Yellowstone National Park to see the world’s geysers and to observe the wildlife. Most people go to observe the animals and take pictures while they are there, but what they do not know is that it can be threatening. While people are taking pictures they do not know the proper precautions about being close to them. People do not know how the bears will react based upon spotting you. Although, there would be less attacks, bears should not be removed because it is there natural habitat, people are desensitizing bears, and bears attacking have been a defensive act.

The National Wildlife Refuge and Wildlife Management Areas supported the Louisiana black bear subpopulations benefiting the population. From 2001 to 2009, the National Wildlife Refuge and Corps of Engineer Lands worked on reintroducing the Louisiana black bear back into the Louisiana forests.Reintroducing added the overall size of the population of the Louisiana and caused exchanges between each subpopulation.

Black bear attacks occurred the most, however, in the Vancouver area with 5 attacks in the past 16 years. The unit is not very large, but it is highly populated by human with not so many bears and so it is interesting to see such results from the data. The grizzlies had the most number of attacks in the 16 years in the Rocky and Central Purcells Unit of BC with a count of 4 each. Both areas are relatively less populated by humans with a good density of bears. This result shows that many of the black bear attacks occur more in human populated areas compared to grizzly bears which may be true because majority of the human population inhabit the southern regions of BC. Grizzlies, inhabit areas further up north while the black bears are found throughout BC, but most common in coastal and southern regions. Herrero and Higgins paper in 1999 also found similar findings where grizzly bears inflicted injuries in backcountry areas whereas black bears attacked in the more front-country closer to

and Canada offer, black bears can live in both coniferous and deciduous forests, as well as the open alpine habitats. Basically anywhere near a river or some water source, has plenty of trees, and are able to find food. Black bears usually forage alone, even as young cubs. They will stick together with their mother if there is an abundance of food in one are.

The Ursus Arctos otherwise known as the grizzly bear lives in North America around Northern Canada, Alaska, Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. A grizzly bear lives in the wild and hunts for its food such as fish, deer, elk, or any other animal. They live inside of caves for protection from the weather, they will also live under trees or anything that will provide them shelter. I believe that grizzly’s have evolved into animals that can survive in many climates and environments.

habitats helps with the environment. American Black Bears live in at least 40 states in North

The grizzly bear was first found in Big Madly Creek on April 29, 1805. The grizzly bear is found in Southern and Northwestern states. You could also find them in Idaho, Montana and Wyoming. Sometime they wander into Washington and, Colorado. The grizzly bears usually can be found in the mountains and open areas near rivers and streams. The grizzly bears fur is brown and tan. The ends of the hair had white tips. The grizzly bear had claws and walks on all fours.

As a media and public relations agent for the Canadian Province of British Columbia, Connor Baldwin has spent many years photographing the bears of the region. There are two distinct species of bear that are native to British Columbia, the Grizzly Bear and the Kermode Bear. Each of these bear species are unique, and important to the wildlife and ecology of their habitat.

The principal cause of all the Human-Grizzly Bear conflict is human population growth. Human population has been increasing exponentially and humans are essentially invading natural environments in which animals like Grizzly Bears thrive. Habitat space for Grizzly bears is decreasing and they are competing for food and space with humans. Habitat destruction by humans leads to urbanization of natural habitats of animals; thus, leaving Grizzly bears to fend for themselves with scarce resources (Mace & Waller, 1998). Urbanization such as road development leads to fragmentation and increasing the chances Grizzly bear interaction with a human, this is because of transport and service corridors, particularly roads, are currently the prime form of humans to access to Grizzly bear range (MacHutchon and Proctor, 2015).

In North America, the grizzly bear is a keystone species - not as a predator but as ecosystem engineers. They transfer nutrients from the oceanic ecosystem to the forest ecosystem. The first stage of the transfer

(2004), sending away nuisance bears makes the niche available for another wild bear to become a part of the conflict as the roots of the problem still exist. The methods of translocation can pose dangers to the welfare of bears. Translocation can result in low survival rates because a bear’s ecological environment changes which result in a change in their behaviour in terms of finding mates, food, shelter (Massei et al., 2010). Stress related to capture and transport can affect affective states of bears, thus, as a consequent biological functioning of bears. The new niche may not be able to accommodate all the needs of the Grizzly bears which lead to low survival rate and future mortalities. This is not an effective practice to solve this issue on its own as previous case studies have not been successful (Riley et al.,