Groundwater Samples Were Collected And Reported By Sultan Et Al

Since I live in the Texoma area the majority of our drinking water comes from Lake Texoma. I think the three sources of groundwater contamination that might affect groundwater in my area would be human-made materials that are littered into the lake, agricultural activities, and human/animal wastes. There are a lot of people in the area who like to go fishing near the lake and drinking alcoholic beverages. These people throw their beer cans and all of their trash into the lake. They also urinate and defecate into the lake as well. There are many nearby farms and ranches to the lake and with all of the flooding water has run-off from these areas back into the lake.

Two types of shallow aquifers are expected to be encountered in the area. Numerous authors (Trainer, 1978; Goff and Grigsby, 1982) cite that shallow aquifers will either be perched or confined. Perched aquifers occur as separate aquifer systems within the unsaturated zone. Confined aquifers, such as the Madera Limestone, are separated by impermeable lithologies like the Abo Formation,

The question that was investigated for this lab was, “What is the water quality of the U-High creek based on microinvertebrates found in the creek?” The purpose of this lab was to determine the water quality of the U-High creek. To determine water quality 3 samples were taken from the creek, a water, soil, and algae sample. These samples were taken by digging up soil, collecting the water, and gathering pieces of algae from the sides of rocks. Then the samples were analysed to find the number and types of microinvertebrates in the U-High creek. The initial prediction for this lab was that the U-High creek has a fair water quality.

Many situations go on around the world every second of the day. The authors like Tabbi, Coates, Lustgarten, and Salama have written about some of the events. Banks have created felonies but aren’t shut down by the “too big to jail” process, which Holders has conducted. Slaves had been put through hard labor and the blacks could not even buy houses or feel safe. Water consumption is being consumed for many reasons, but the people don’t understand the extraction of underground water is linked to surface water. Also, Americans have bombed Yemen and gave a whole generation posttraumatic stress disorder. These events have heavily impacted our future today. As we go to the biggest fraud paying

Connate water(brines) also called formational water are inclusions in interstitial pores as deposited, which goes back to originally being meteoric water or sea water. Through the processes of burial, compaction, and lithification ore deposits form, because of the transformation of the sediment into lithified rock an aqueous solutions form ore deposits. The δD and δ18O isotopic values for connate waters range a great deal. The δD and δ18O isotopic values of oil field brines samples taken throughout North America exhibited a scattered from which each sample was taken.

Statistical methods can be useful in compliance assessment and corrective action monitoring, where single-sample testing is mandatory against a static groundwater protection standard. These criteria health and also those derived from related as a fixed standard. The primary tool for monitoring is the confidence interval. Numerous ranges of confidence intervals, including confidence intervals around means, medians. The goal is on planning tests with reasonable statistical performance in terms of per-test false positive rates.

The field water samples were collected from the oil and gas field. SRB were isolated from the samples using ATCC 1249 medium. The components are listed in Table 3-1. L-Cysteine (100 ppm) was added into the medium as oxygen scavenger to avoid possible oxygen leak. The original sample solution was frozen in 1.5 ml centrifugal tubes and stored in a −20 oC freezer. One tube of seed culture was used in the ATCC 1249 medium for testing for a month. After that, another tube of seed culture was used to prevent the culture to be too different from the original culture. The planktonic motile SRB cell concentrations in the ATCC 1249 medium was counted using a hemocytometer under a 400X

One particularly sensitive method for analysis of pure solvent (applicable to wells containing DNAPL) involves combustion of the chlorinated hydrocarbon sample with CuO, precipitation of AgCl and formation of CH3Cl for analysis on IRMS [10]. Isotopic ratios are expressed in the delta notation, δ, which represents the per mil variation of the isotopic ratio standard. For carbon, the 13C/12C ratio is established by the Pee Dee Belemnite international standard and 37Cl/35Cl ratio is compared to the Standard Mean Ocean Chloride (SMOC) standard by the following equation:

Inverted topography in a different of scales from large scale to fine scale has been observed in numerous localities on Martian surface. Also, Inverted wadis in Western Desert of Egypt in seven sites cover an area of about 26.000 square kilometers, provide us a natural museum for a different of scales, mechanisms of development, and planimetric patterns. Therefore, we carried out field study in four sites of inverted wadis in Gabal El-Na’aloon, east of Baharyia, west of Ghard Abu Moharik, and west of Tahta city rane with laboratory analysis for collected samples. In this paper, we shed light on the morphological, sedimentological, and mineralogical aspects of inverted wadis in Western Desert of Egypt. We conclude that the majority of minerals which led to the cementation of inverted wadis in visited sites, are calcite, iron oxide, gypsum, illite, magnesite, alunite, vermiculite, aerinite, surite, hematite, silicon oxide, epidote, magnetite, and clay. In addition, the grain-size distribution for 18 samples of inverted wadis in two localities ranges from (-6 to 4.5 ɸ scale), with boulders are commonly 1 m in diameter. Lastly, inverted topography on Mars as a landform is extremely valuable to give us detailed data about paleoenvironmental conditions, including paleohydrological and sedimentological, this is making it an important candidate sites for landing.

The transmissivity and storativity was estimated using the Cooper-Jacob (1965) time-drawdown and Theis (1935) recovery methods. The field data was uploaded into the FC program for Aquifer Test Analysis (2014 version) which calculated the values for each method manually.

Charophytes are green algae that have been found in fresh water to moderately brackish water environments. Their gyrogonites are minute oval or round calcareous bodies that represent the calcified parts of the oogonium i. e. the female reproductive organs. Most of the plant consists of organic matter that decays shortly after death. Under some circumstances the stems and branches of the plant become calcified and are also preserved in the geologic record. In the absence of the planktonic and benthonic foraminifers, ostracodes and charophytes becomes valuable biostratigraphic tool for geologic analysis and interpretation (Carbonel, 1988; Colin & Lethiers, 1988; Martin-Closas & Schudack, 1996, Schudack, 2000 & 2006). Moreover the charophytes have been the focus of intensive work since the early 1960, since it was hope to obtain valuable information on the dating, biostratigraphic and paleoecology of the strata (Schudack, 2002 & 2004). The present study attempts a comprehensive biostratigraphic evolution of the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous sequence at Messak escarpment based on the stratigraphic distribution of the charophytes species as this type of microfossils have not been studied before in Libya as well as the study area has never been studied for charophytes beforehand. On the basis of the stratigraphic distribution of charophytes it is possible to subdivide the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous sequence into four assemblage zones. These are described in ascending

This paper presents an evaluation of isotopic and geochronologic data on the groundwater in Eastern Sahara that have been collected by various projects in addition to our recent collected dating groundwater samples. Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) of northeast Africa is believed to have been recharged in previous wet climatic periods in the Quaternary Period. However, the isotopic (O & D) signatures of the groundwater samples show that the aquifer is still receiving modern recharge in some regions (central and north Sudan, the Eastern Desert and Sinai). These regions have a rainfall that feed the aquifer during the current dry climate. The groundwater source ranges between paleowater of the glacial wet climate to paleowater mixed with precipitation of warm and dry climates and/or Nile water, in addition to the modern groundwater of evaporated flash flood or precipitation in the shallow alluvial aquifers. Central Sudan, Eastern Desert and Sinai have a wide range of isotopic signatures reflecting paleowaters, mixing and modern groundwaters. The isotopic signatures of north Sudan and south of the Uweinat–Aswan uplift indicates replenishment by groundwater flow from the south that is hindered by the uplift. Young C-14 ages for groundwater samples were reported from east Uweinat (~1.8–11.7 kyr) and from northern Sudan (~50 kyr), reflecting the modern recharge in this area to the south of the Uweinat-Aswan uplift. The groundwater of the Western Desert shows the highest

leaching water (Mengel and Kirkby, 1982; Shannon et al., 1994). In the arid and semiarid

Groundwater is used primarily for irrigating farmland; and secondarily, for consumption and industrial use. Aquifers, unconsolidated subterranean layers which hold water, are rapidly dwindling, and groundwater depletion is quickly growing to become a major problem for farmers and the public at large. Reserves close to ground level are rapidly drying up and due to technological roadblocks, extracting water from deeper reserves is not yet financially feasible. The problem is especially severe in California, which represents around 20% of all groundwater withdrawal in the United States (Famiglietti, LA Times). A lack of water for agriculture would directly lead to diminished food production and indirectly lead to requiring food imports from outside the state. Groundwater resources are an unregulated public resource and despite any innovative breakthrough in extraction techniques, the only sustainable, long-term solution is to enforce limits on extraction. Regulation of how much groundwater can be extracted from an aquifer in a set period of time; along with incentives to obtain water from alternative sources is the ideal solution to address the perennially growing challenge of groundwater depletion in California.

Due to recent advances in both quick analytical techniques for large numbers of samples and numerical source apportioning models that allow a more detailed and quantitative understanding of the uncertainty associated with estimated results, the geochemical tracers are extensively used in recent sediment fingerprinting studies (Franz et al. 2013; Grimes et al. 2007). Such as rare earth elements (REE; e.g., La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu), major elements (e.g., Fe, K, Na, Al, Ca and Mg) and trace elements (e.g., As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cs, Hf, Sc, Ta, Ti, Th and Zr), in both source soil and sediment samples, have been used in sediment fingerprinting studies (Horowitz et al. 2012; Hughes et al.