Group A Strep Research Paper

Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A streptococcus (GAS), is a β-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacterium that most commonly causes respiratory disease, including pharyngitis or tonsillitis, as well as skin infections such as impetigo and cellulitis. The organism is transmitted via respiratory droplets or by contact with fomites, and commonly infects young children. In addition to the common clinical presentations associated with S. pyogenes, some individuals develop the postinfectious sequelae of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Due to the severity of these medical consequences, prophylactic antibiotic use is often recommended for any patients with otherwise mild S. pyogenes infections (21).

Streptococcus Pyogenes is a very diverse bacteria with effects ranging from nothing or a mild sore throat, to flesh eating disease, causing death in 40-60% of patients. The major and most common illnesses associated with this bacteria

It’s an interesting topic. Sometimes when I pick up my kid, there is a letter for lets parents know related to spread strep throat.

A strep bacteria can cause rheumatic fever, impetigo, scarlet fever, werperal fever, streptococcal toxic syndrome, tonsillitis, and of course strep throat. Group B Streptococcus can cause infections in the bladder. In the U.S. around 12,000 newborn babies will be infected each year. Group B strep can cause blood infection, pneumonia, and meningitis in babies.

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and identify an unknown Staphylococcus species based on its morphological and biochemical profile (Alachi, 2006). The Staphylococcus genus consists of Gram-Positive bacteria, arranged in grape-like clusters. These species are common residents of the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. Majority of Staphylococci are catalase-positive, oxidase negative, aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, and non-motile. They are considered opportunistic pathogens and cause roughly 80% of suppurative skin diseases (e.g., boils). Many Staphylococci

I decided to look at the bacteria Streptococcus for my paper. I chose this particular bacteria because my daughter just got over having strep throat and I have been told that I may be a carrier of it. Strep throat is caused by the bacteria Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Group A). I will tell you in this paper what the signs and symptoms, ways it is diagnosed, and treatment options are for group A streptococcus more commonly known as Strep Throat.

        microorganism that is often found in the throat and on the skin.)                                Strep Throat may occur in the throat but may potentially travel to

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccal bacterium, 1µm in diameter, forming grape like clusters or clumps, and is the most important pathogen amongst Staphylococci bacteria. A gram stain was performed on unknown bacteria #41, producing a purple, gram positive cocci bacteria appearing in grape like clusters or clumps under microscope. A streak plate test on nutrient agar was performed resulting in yellowish colonies on the nutrient agar. A catalase test was then performed with a positive Staphylococcus result. Mannitol Salt Agar plate was then used to determine between Staphylococcus aureus and Stapylococcus epidermidis.

Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus is identified as a gram-positive bacterium. S. agalactiae is a commensal bacterium found in the human digestive and genitourinary tract (Rosinski-Chupin, et al., 2015). S. agalactiae causes various diseases such as septicemia, meningitis, and pneumonia. Also, S. agalactiae infections occur predominately in pregnant women, neonates and elderly persons (Louvois, 1980). Due to the formation of its polysaccharide capsule, S. agalactiae can be treated with antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin and vancomycin (Bolukaoto, et al., 2015).

Streptococcal exotoxins, also known as superantigens, are central mediators of the systematic effects with GAS (Group A Streptococci) infections. They are able to stimulate a large proportion of the T-cell population and produce an uncontrollable response with towering amounts of cytokines. Twelve superantigens produced by GAS have been discovered, and abundant GAS strain contain genes encoding four to six different

So we make exceptions for someone passing away, and for extreme illness like cancer, or freshly broken leg etc . I saw her email, and haven’t answer her back yet because I need to ask Chris or Pam if this is an excusable being that it is Strep. I am the only one in MR today and yersyerday and do not want to speak out of turn to a member.

Streptococcal Pharyngitis is an upper respiratory infection caused by group A streptococci (GAS). This gram-positive bacterial group consists solely of Streptococcus pyrogens, the same bacterium responsible for many skin and soft tissue infections, such as impetigo, erysipelas, and acute bacterial endocarditis (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2013). Symptoms include sore throat, fever, Swollen, tender lymph nodes in the neck and inflammation of the middle ear. There are multiple ways of diagnosing Strep throat. Streptococcal Pharyngitis is most commonly diagnosed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA); which are hypersensitive and straightforward. Another way for diagnosing is using a sterile swab then rubbing it over the back of the throat and tonsils to

Strep throat is a common, contagious infection caused by group A streptococcus, bacteria that presents as a sore throat. The bacteria that causes strep throat tend to

For this assessment, I have been asked to discuss the mode of transmission, consequences of infection and prevention of a chosen pathogenic organism. I have decided to study the Streptococcus organism which causes Scarlet fever; this occurs in patients with strep infections.

It begins with a harmless cut in the skin and spreads rapidly into nearby tissue. When streptococci on the skin are introduced to the cut, strains of group A release enzymes and toxins that greatly increase invasiveness and virulence. Invasive bacteria are pathogens that can invade parts of the body where bacteria are not normally present, such as the bloodstream, and soft tissues like muscle or fat. Virulence is the degree of pathogenicity determined by its ability to establish itself in a host and survive the host defense. Virulence factors of group A streptococci include (1) M protein and lipoteichoic acid for attachment; (2) a hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits phagocytosis; (3) other extracellular products, such as pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxin, which causes the rash of scarlet fever; and (4) streptokinase, streptodornase (DNase B), and streptolysins. Some strains are nephritogenic. Immune-mediated sequelae do not reflect dissemination of bacteria. Nongroup A strains have no defined virulence factors. Antibody to M protein gives type-specific immunity to group A streptococci. Antibody to erythrogenic toxin prevents the rash of scarlet fever. Immune mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of acute rheumatic fever. S. pyogenes produce several virulence factors that lend to its pathogenicity, or disease-causing capabilities. It contains a capsule that helps allow the bacteria to disguise it from getting engulfed by white blood cells (phagocytosis). It also contains proteins on its cell wall that allows it to adhere to epithelial cells, which allows it to produce disease. S. pyogenes also produces several enzymes that give the bacteria the ability to destroy tissue and spread. The enzymes digest the connective tissue in the skin. Lastly, it produces a wide variety of toxins that can produce