Group Research Project: Education and Occupations

Ever since the establishment of equal education in the United States, there has been a disparity in academic success between children of different races. The education of African American children has become a prime example of this. As discussed in the historical text, A Letter to My Nephew, which was written during the time of the civil rights movement in the 1950’s and 1960’s, African Americans were not given equal opportunities to succeed educationally and could do little to change their futures for the better. They had to work much harder than whites to receive even a portion of the recognition and success that whites achieved (Baldwin 1). Although many today believe America has overcome this problem, it still remains a pressing issue in many aspects of society, arguably the most important being education. The racial achievement gap, an important term to familiarize with when discussing this topic, refers to the disparity in educational performance between students of different races (National Education Association 1). As of now, although the education achievement gap has been narrowing, there still remains a large disparity between African Americans and their racial counterparts. According to a study by Roland G. Freyer and Steven D. Levitt, professors at Harvard University and W.E.B Du Bois Institute, respectively, African American students enter kindergarten already significantly behind children of other races, and their test scores continue to drop

The education urban minority students and suburban white students receive is by no measurement equal. According to the National Assessment of Educational Process, “white students had average scores at least 26 points higher than black students in both math and reading.” On the prose literacy scale, black adults are 2.8 times more likely than white adults to demonstrate the lowest level of reading proficiency. Also, black student drop-out rates continue to remain higher than white students. Statistics from 2001 state that “on-time graduation rates for black (50%) students were well below those of white (75%) students.” This statistical evidence is significant because it showcases how the achievement gap continues to be a serious problem.

Racial disparities exist in every aspect of our society. It exists in religion, socioeconomic status, life-chances, media, etc. It affects everyone even if they realize or not. Education is one of the things that are also affected by the racial stratification occurring in the United States. In this paper I will look in to whether Tennessee is better or worse for educational advancement by comparing four races and their high school graduation rates on the national and state levels. The four races used will be; Asian, Black, Hispanic/Latino, and White. I will then tie specific theories to why these disparities may exist. This will hopefully give insight in to this touchy topic and provide a starting point for correcting the gap.

A school setting provides opportunities where issues of social justice, oppression, and discrimination can be addressed. According to Bemak and Chung (2009), students of color and economically disadvantaged students are likely to have low academic achievement, in comparison to their White middle class counterparts. These disparities in academic

The American education system is failing the generations of the future. Society neglects the children born into impoverished areas, while mainly white upper class children participate in superior educational activities. Low-income neighborhoods often produce schools with low scoring students. Therefore the government transitions these schools into impersonal factories. The phrase diversity masquerades the reality of re-segregation of schools. Many schools across the country are utilizing the phrase diversity, yet the statistics reveal that over ninety percent of the students are black or Hispanic. Creating successful environments is extremely difficult and subsequently results in serious consequences for the American education system.

This paper includes a reference list of literature relating to the impact socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity has on academic achievement and what can be done to combat the achievement gap. In general, the literature seems to indicate that socioeconomic status has a greater impact then race or ethnicity on achievement. However, these constructs are often intertwined. The greatest source for combatting the achievement gap are teachers high in self-efficacy, strong and well directed principal leadership, having a positive and accepting racial climate, smaller class sizes, less harsh discipline with more support

In American education, there is overwhelming evidence that there is an achievement gap between groups of students. In other words, there are measurable differences in the educations and test scores of different groups of students. Some gaps exist between groups or differing gender or socioeconomic status, but the largest gaps exist between groups of different races. America has always been a country with an influx of different cultures through immigration. In schools, these cultures still remain separated. The most noticeable separation is probably that of White and African American students. Although the achievement gap between White and Black students is easily seen there are other clear gaps in the education of Latino and Asian American

After 60 years of the Brown v. Topeka Board of Education ruled, the issues of obstacle toward the minorities still remain as a widespread problem in this country (Jamies Binder, n.d). Minority students don 't have equivalent opportunity to access education as white students in some certain areas such as government doesn’t offer enough fund to minority schools; education system have low expectation on minority students; some schools still retain segregation institution. On the other hand, these obstacles have produced the serial of serious damage to the benefit of minority students such as uneducated, high dropout rate and lack of academic support due to poor educational circumstance. According to Jonathan Kozol 's Book The Shame of the Nation and Shawn Ginwright’s and Julio Cammarota’s article, “New Terrain in Youth Development: The promise of a Social Justice Approach,” the three obstacles are segregation, funding, low expectation which deprive minority students’ natural rights to access education without limitation as white students.

This is detrimental because the young generation gets lower exposure to a racially diverse and tolerant community. In addition, schools composed of mostly white population get better resources and more money. 90 percent or more pre dominantly white public’s schools receive an average of $733 dollars more per pupil [2]. Course offerings seem are unequal to with 25 percent of majority black not offering Algebra II and 33 percent not offering Chemistry. Even schools with majority black that have gifted programs only enroll a disproportionately low black students into their programs [3].

The Public Education system has evolved over the years to adjust and function properly with the constantly changing world. In its early stages, there was discrimination in the Public Education system that did not give everyone an equal opportunity. Race and economic statuses of families were two factors that played a role in the amount and quality of education children used to receive (Imoukhufede). These

Notably, it is up to reader to form an opinion. The thesis of this work, simply outlines the information that will be presented in an unbiased manner. Over the years many people have been interested in the rate at which success can be measured at a young age. One focus of this report is the trend in the gap between black and white educational attainment, achievement and contributing factors. A lot of the time we like to think that just being born in America automatically gives us the keys to success. But it does not, many factors contribute to a child 's accomplishments such as access to educational resources like preschool and libraries. As a whole, the nation has moved forward in so many aspects, but poor black

African American students account for the larger majority of minorities in public schools in the United States. Most areas in the northern part of the United states and coastal areas are ethnically diverse. However, down south this is not the case. Students of color will experience a harder time in the education system. African American students meet the obstacle of educators who will not want them to succeed based on a preconceived thought. In fact, Caucasian teachers make up for 85% of all

Education in United States had come a long way since the last century with the acceptance of diversity in schooling; racial is not a problem in school, but rather economy is the obstacle. The article Racial Stratification and Education in the United States: Why Inequality Persist mentions “In the past the problem was “racism” and was blamed on the whites; today the problem is “poverty” and is blamed on the underclass. In the article also shows the studies of black and white children in the classroom. Both middle-class white and black children tend to do better in school than lower-class children. In the lower-class, the children might have more struggles outside of school in the money aspect; therefore, children have to take on different jobs

The problem of educational disparities among various ethno-racial groups that make up the United States has been a long studied topic. Theories have ranged widely in what they consider as the primary factors for these disparities. Biological and individualist perspectives have cited inherent genetic inferiorities as the cause of these disparities. Others have taken into account social forces but have maintained that the cause is due to the creation of a culture of subordination and poverty that does not allow social advancement. Still others have tended to focus on systemic inequalities and on the roles of prejudice and discrimination (Sidanius et al, 1998).

With landmark Supreme Court decisions in regards to education such as Brown v Board of Education, which made segregation within schools illegal, one would be inclined to believe that modern schools are void of any inequality. However, at a deeper glance, it is apparent that there is a glaring inequality within public school systems at the national, statewide, and even district-wide level. Such an inequality has drastic results as the education one receives has a high correlation to the college they will attend, and the job they will work. It is in society's best interest that public school systems be improved to equally supplement students with the tools necessary to succeed. While the public school system aims to reduce the inequality within it, they have proven ineffective in guaranteeing children of all races and economic classes an equal education.