Guanxi
What is Guanxi? Guanxi 关系 is a Chinese term that describes relationships that may result in the exchange of favours that are beneficial for both parties. Another example of Guanxi is the relationships individuals cultivate with other individuals within different environments; these environments can vary from personal, business or government. The literal translation of Guanxi is the gate through which one accesses a group; guan means “gate or pass” and xi means “group or organisation”.
There is a great significance of Guanxi in Chinese culture still to this day:
• 92.4% view Guanxi as having an imperative role in their lives
• 84.5% do not trust people until a firm relationship has been built
• 71.7% prefer using their Guanxi network
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There are numerous benefits regarding Guanxi in China. To summarise a few points, it is used by the disadvantaged/weak to shelter themselves, it constantly improves the efficiency in businesses and secures vital business opportunities to counter outsider competition such as international companies venturing into China.
Securing rare resources are one of the benefits of Guanxi, numerous materials are under the control of certain departments within the Chinese Communist Party. So, getting hold of these particularly scarce resources all comes down to knowing the right people within one’s large Guanxi web of relationships. Furthermore, they can also help you obtain basic resources required for companies to initially start up within China such as land, labour and licences.
Although there are benefits to Guanxi, it comes with downfalls. Now, one of the downfalls for example is regarding the fact that it is difficult for business people to determine who is making the verdicts in a Chinese firm. Numerous individuals also feel that Guanxi promotes forms of corruption and bribery – corruption is a lot higher in rent-seeking Guanxi as mentioned previously and amongst state owned
Another benefit of the wall was China's openness to new ideas. In other words, the silk road carried new ideas to China. The silk road integrated new religions and types of music (Doc.D). None of the exports of Han China included religion or music. Emperor Wudi did lots t keep the merchants and caravans safe (Doc.D). The emperor wouldn't have done this if he wasn't open to new cultures. China's new openness to new ideas is thanks to the wall.
The first benefit from building the wall was how it created jobs. More than a million chinese workers were put to work on the wall. So, all of the unemployed people in China now had a job where they could make money. This also gave jobs to other people because some of the people that went to work on the wall now have no one in their old job position. This means that possibly children or women took these places and everyone had a job. This is very beneficial to the people of China.
describes how the Chinese goods that are produced are worth much value to foreigners such as the
For this reason, a wall was built, but in this process there were many major benefits with a few costs that came with them. Ultimately, the benefits outweigh the costs by expanding trade routes, protection and it being very cheap and fast. First of all, a benefit is that the Great Wall of China expanded trade routes. It helped with spreading trade when emperor Wu Di expanded the wall to the west and helped with trade in that area. Document D states, “He extended the Wall three hundred miles
The Great Wall has helped China in more ways than you think. The Great Wall had numerous costs. Multitudinous people died during the construction on the Great Wall. However, it had countless and remarkably convenient benefits. The benefits did outweigh the costs because it improved trade, provided security, and glorified China’s glory.
In the chart, which is in document C, it shows how much the Xiongnu was taking from the people when they reached a village. The number of tributes that the Chinese were giving to them was increasing every year. After the Xiongnu could no longer reach them they would no longer have to pay the tributes. Along with that, after the wall was built China had direct links to the west. Increasing trade.
One way the Great Wall helped China of by protecting it. According to the background essay, the Great Wall’s purpose was to shield China from Mongol invaders. In addition to this, the Great Wall of China protected much of the Silk Road, as stated in the diagram in Document A. With the Great Wall in place, citizens were safe from invasions.
The state identified China's most important industries, such as energy, steel, and transport, and made sure they were operating according to the Party's interests. Otherwise, more and more businesses became state-owned but less state-controlled. In this way, the Party allowed more commercial freedom while maintaining its ultimate authority over Chinese businesses. This organization is apparent in the case of Chinalco, which “bristled with commercial ambition and tracked their stock price as ardently as their western competitors. Backstage, however, the Party sat quietly out of sight, tugging on the reins when need be, safe in the knowledge it retained all the levers needed to control the company." In addition, an increasing number of foreign
The Chinese government owns all the land and protection of property is decreasing. The corruption of the Chinese government continues as they reject core reforms such as disclosure of assets by officials, oversight of bodies, and lifting political restraints on citizens. To continue the problem China has a weak financial regulation, use of debt to overproduce, the culture of saving and not spending, and profound fear of innovative ideas. However, China’s use of
John Bowers, a professor in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Director of the Institute for Energy Efficiency at UCSB, spoke to the Santa Barbara Independent about his month long journey along the Ride the Divide trail. The Ride the Divide Trail is a grueling mountain bike ride that travels through Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, and through the United States of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico. These are areas of the country rich with California wildlife such as mountain lions, bears, and wild horses, and in places as empty and ominous as Great Basin Desert (105 degrees F) and the Grand Tetons. Bowers completed a total of 2,753 miles in less than 30 days, riding from Banff, Canada
One of the wonders of the world today is the Great Wall of China which was inspired by none other than the Qin Dynasty. Other dynasties put in dedication to having the Great Wall constructed but the Qin Dynasty played a significant role in coming up with the idea for it. The Great Wall of China would benefit China greatly because it would serve as defense against nomadic tribes. Apart from being protected by nomadic tribes, the Great Wall would be a benefit for China’s forever. Other countries
Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew is a sexist play in many ways. The play was written in the renaissance period. The renaissance period took place from the 14th through 17th century. In this time period, people's interest in classical scholarship grew, and lots was discovered. For example, new continents were discovered and the Copernican system of astronomy was presented.
The main advantage of doing business in China is the fact that China has emerged as one of the world’s strongest economic forces, driven by the shear number of
Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi ruled Ancient China from 221 till 210BC and was the founder of the Qin Dynasty. He came into ruling at the young age of thirteen after his father’s death. He was a very effective ruler who during his reign accomplished unifying China and building monuments such as the Terracotta warriors and the Great Wall of China. Although Shi Huangdi did numerous things to help China and make it better, he also burnt books to destroy records of the past and punished those who did not follow his rules. Even though some of Qin Shi Huangdi’s methods were questionable he impacted China in many ways and was an effective leader because of his desire to unify China and make it better.
The unique guanxi culture in Chinese society sets its societal framework distinctively apart from the West. Although guanxi is often portrayed as one’s social network, it is much different from the so-called “connections” in Western society. Guanxi is a special social phenomenon in the Chinese societal context. It has survived throughout history and continues to be a prevalent trend because it has its Chinese characteristics and attributes that are not found in other societies. The existence of guanxi in Chinese society originated from the core Chinese value of collectivism. Since centuries ago, Chinese society’s group life and social organization has been based on collective interests. “Familial sentiments and obligations, [which were regarded as ethical relations], extended from the family into society [later on]”. The unofficial, informal networks of familial and kinship obligations provided the social support mechanisms through which peasant families survived in the economy of transition and hardships” (Bian, 2001, p.276). The twin themes of guanxi and the sense of hierarchy mutually enhance each other because private networks thrive through the existence of the principle of giving and reciprocating, which highlights that there is a dependent on a more resourceful party in the relationship. The future of the twin themes in China will continue to be built upon mutual reliance and the looked upon generous favour giver in bridging the connections between multiple parties.