Guion S. Bluford

Most people don’t know the backstory of one of the first African American women to help the first space launch. Katherine Johnson was one of them. They were called computers because they were African American. She affected the greatest history event of all time.It is a pleasure for me to tell you about the impact Katherine Johnson made in our lives till this day.

On January 28, 1986, a day that was supposed to be filled with excitement and exploration, suddenly turned into a day filled with tragedy and sadness. The space shuttle Challenger was supposed to carry a seven member crew into orbit with one unique member along for this particular mission. Christa McAuliffe was supposed to be the first teacher to go into space as a member of the Teacher in Space Project. Due to this occasion, the media coverage and the number of viewers of this mission was extensive, particularly in schools across the nation. The Challenger lifted off shortly after 11:30 A.M., but tragically only seventy three seconds after takeoff it exploded sending debris and the seven crew members back to earth and into the Atlantic

She also created and was the first Director of NASA’s Office of Exploration. When she completed her investigation, she was sent to Washington D.C, for long-range planning. After the incident, Ride produced a report entitled, “Leadership and America’s Future in Space.” (Ride). After Dr. Ride left NASA, she became a teacher; a professor actually. She wanted to make sure that students knew and got to love space just as much, if not more, as she did. As a Physics professor, in 1989 Ride joined the faculty at the University of California, San Diego. She is also the Director of the California Space Institute at the university. Ride’s favorite subjects were always science and math, making NASA and teaching perfect careers for her; something she loved to do day in and out.

She decided that she wanted to pursue her childhood dream and she enrolled in the NASA training program to become an astronaut. Out of 2000 candidates, she enrolled into the program as one of the fifteen chosen candidates. September 12th, 1992 was the day that the Endeavour finally took off into space carrying only Jemison and six other passengers. On this day, History was made and Mae C. Jemison became the first African American to enter space. Although they were only in space for a total of eight days, Jemison did various experiments during their time in space. Jemison preformed experiments on the crew and herself on weightlessness and motion sickness while in space (A&E Television Networks, 2015). 190 hours 30 minutes and 23 seconds, Mae Jemison records to be in space and making history (Redd, 2012).

William Johnson was a slave before being freed at age 11, along with his mother, Amy, and sister, Adelia. He got his barber shop in 1830 from his half brother, James Miller. After starting his barber shop, he keeps a diary and he used it until he died. He also owned a bathhouse and bookstore.He married named Ann Battles, who was also a free african american. They had about 11 children before Johnson died. He lived in the free town of Natchez, and he almost had about three thousand dollars in 1835. Johnson was friends with other freed african americans like Robert McCary and hunted and fished with them. Johnson and Baylor Winn got into a dispute and it ended in Johnson`s favor in court. Winn was upset and shot Johnson when he was returning to

John M. Stephen was born in Missouri in 1814 and moved to Texas in 1831 with his family, he served during the Texas Revolution and was paid 24 dollars for his service. He married Maranda E. Walker in 1837 in Washington County, Texas by his bride's uncle, Gideon Walker. Stephen received a land grant for his military service and in 1854 he moved a black family to the post oak grove, now Stephenville, to open a store to trade with the Indians for honey, hides, and buffalo hams. In 1855, he returned with the first 30 settlers after he agrees to give them land if they signed an agreement that they would build and improve it. Among the settlers were his wife and two sons, brother and future son-in-law. In 1856, John M. Stephen offered to donate

Braxton Bragg was born on March 22, 1817 in North Carolina (History.com). Bragg did not talk about his parents but what we do know is that his dad was a contractor and his mom was arrested for killing a freed slave. Though his parents were not the best, his brother was a politician who helped him get into the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1833 (History.com). He flourished at the academy and graduated one year later, he finished fifth out of fifty soldiers.

William Johnson was born a slave in the year 1809 but was freed by his owner, probably his father in 1820. His owner had earlier released William’s sister and mother. William Johnson upon being freed became a barber apprentice in Natchez town. William’s brother-in-law had a barbershop which he took over in 1830 and later on got married to Amy Battles. They had eleven children. Amy was a free person and just like William was black (National Humanities Center Resource Toolbox, 2007). William Johnson went on to operate several barbershops, owned land, and rented buildings. He also had a bathhouse and regularly loaned white and black people money which was paid at an interest. Like other free blacks in the South, William Johnson owned slaves and at times sold them too. The diary is a record of his daily personal endeavors, majorly about the payment of his debts, the items he bought and the running of his family. William was murdered by a free black man, Baylor Winn, with whom they had a boundary conflict. Despite his murderer being identified, he escaped prosecution since according to his evidence, he was a white man, and so no black man could testify against him (Humanities Center Resource Toolbox, 2007).

On July 22,1864,General William T.Sherman and his army closed in on John B. Hood and his confederate army while he was defending atlanta. John B.Hood also attacted James B.McPherson's army of Tennessee on the east side of atlanta. He deployed Benjamin F. Cheatham northeast and sent william J harmy on the morning of July 22. After all the fighting William T. Sherman neutralized the rail and supply hub and defeated the confederate forces and burned most of all the biuldings in the

Cobb was “the most feared man in the history of baseball,” according to Rube Bressler, who played against him” (Hickok). Ty was feared especially as a base runner. He led the American League in stolen bases six times (Hickok). “Cobb may have also have been the most disliked man in the history of the game” (Hickok). Ty was frequently accused of using sharpened spikes to intimidate the opponents. In 1905, Ty batted .316 for the Detroit Tigers, which was the first of a record 23 consecutive seasons (“Cobb”). He batted more than .400 three times, which won nine batting championships consecutively (“Cobb”). Cobb’s batting average for his entire career was .366, which is a record (“Cobb”). He also held the record for most bases stolen in a season, at 96 stolen bases (“Cobb”).

At 13 years of age, Benjamin attended a barnstorming exhibition at Bolling Air Force Base in Washington D.C. formally know then as Bolling Field. A pilot on the Base offered Benjamin a chance to join him for a ride in his plane, he enjoyed it so much from that moment forward he was determined to pilot a plane of his own one-day. With his father moving around a lot because of his military duties, Benjamin graduated from Central High School in Cleveland, Ohio in 1929. Immediately following graduation, Benjamin enrolled at Western Reserve University. Staying there for a year (1929-1930), he later moved on to the University of Chicago where he stayed for two years (1930-1932).

In northern Skagit County you’ll discover a charming little city of about 11,000 people. With an interesting history and a vibrant culture all its own, Sedro Woolley, Washington is a place many people enjoy calling home. With a little bit of something to keep everyone entertained, you’ll find exciting eating and drinking opportunities, fantastic and interactive festivals and some hikes and trails unique to the Skagit Valley and Pacific Northwest.

William Peace University in downtown Raleigh, NC, is a little, private school that offers single guys degree programs in a large group of human sciences and sciences majors. William Peace University was established in 1857 as the Peace Institute, a learning organization for youngsters in essential evaluations, and to ladies from secondary school to school. Today, William Peace University's central goal is to dispatch their graduates into this present reality, very much outfitted with information, and all around arranged to discover vocations in the associations of tomorrow. One of the ways William Peace readies its understudies for encouraging so as to discover vocation upon graduation is entry level position experience amid their time in school.

In the late 1950s, the United States decided to send people into space. Jerrie trained with a group of women to join the astronaut training program. Jerrie tested better than anyone in her group. She wanted to be the first woman astronaut.

Prairie view A&M university was founded in the year 1876. Prairie view was the first supported college in Texas for African Americans. It was founded as part of the post-civil war effort to restructure education in the state of Texas.