Guns Germs And Steel Argumentative Essay

At the beginning of the passage, he tells the readers that two of these theories are speculation and the other is pure science but each one is hard to dismiss. Testicular malfunction, the first example, cannot provide enough evidence to support this theory, solely because a paleontologist cannot extract samples and information from a fossil and simply because testicles do not fossilize. The scientists proving this theory, E. H. Colbert for an example, admitted that testicular malfunction is just a hypothesis. Therefore, Gould believes that this theory is merely unusable, but not as disadvantageous as psychoactive overdosing. Drug overdosing, like sex, can not be tested because again, like testicles, livers do not fossilize. In addition, there is also not enough evidence to prove this theory explicable, thus becoming another speculation proposal. Consequently, the theory of asteroidal zapping is the exponential scientific reasoning for dinosaur extinction. This theory can be proven by Luis and Walter Alvarez, a father-son geologist team, who became the first to propose the idea of asteroidal collision. The father and son duo collected sediment samples from deep in the Earth’s core in which they found extremely high amounts of iridium. Iridium is a highly testable chemical, therefore allowing the theory of asteroid and earth collision to be plausible. Gould’s final analysis proposes that asteroidal collision is the most scientific theory among the three. The author believes the asteroid colliding with earth and changing its temperatures allowed for evolution to happen. In summary, Gould distinctly and carefully analyzes the three theories, showing his reasoning for his scientific

The question of what caused the extinction of megafauna during the Late Pleistocene period is one that archaeologists have struggled to answer for decades, but why should it matter? Discovering with certainty the cause of megafaunal extinction would

In his work, “Guns, Germs, and Steel” (W. W. Norton, New York, NY, 1997) Jared Diamond attempts to explain why human history has carried out the way it has, he often refers to accounts from history to support his argument. Accounts that will be deemed adequate will discuss specific groups of people, at a specified period of time. Diamond suggests that guns, germs, and steel are three contributing factors for why the world is in its current state. It is not difficult to recognize while reading, that the book spends a large amount of time talking about germs and much less text discussing guns and steel. In “Guns, Germs, and Steel” Diamond does adequately account for the historical development of guns and steel, in the way he accounts for the role of germs in the history of human societies. It is no debate that germs played a massive role in many important events in history, but guns came late, were not very effective at first, and steel production was most important militarily.

The chapter then moves to Kolbert’s experience with ammonite fossils in Princeton, New Jersey. While the distinct spiral shape of ammonites is well-known and agreed upon, the exact shape and structure of the mollusk in the shell is heavily debated. Ammonites are then compared to nautiluses, living animals that heavily resemble ammonites, in terms of why one species was able to flourish, while the other was wiped out. Chapter five lays out the concept that ordinarily species go extinct at a gradual, slow pacing, unless of course there is a catastrophic event, such as human meddling or a giant asteroid, in which case the extinction process is expedited. The extinct species that Kolbert studies in this chapter is the graptolite, a long, thin, V-shaped marine animal. The extinction of grapolite is theorized to be due to a drastic change in the ocean. Kolbert additionally tells a theory that, in the future, rats will be the predominant race on Earth, overtaking even humans. This is all based on the fact that humans have too drastically changed the Earth’s composition and wherever humans go and change, rats are there to follow. Thus we are ushering in the Anthropocene, or the “age of humans,” a time period in which humans have wrecked up the planet to the point of no

Researchers of the University of New Mexico found the time of the extinction coincided more with colonization by humans than climate change and that hunter-gatherers, such as the Clovis people, hunted the mammals for food (Lyons et al 339, 351-252; Wroe et al 320). Although it could be argued that they were Leavers by not exterminating their competition, they could have instead been hunter-gatherer Takers believing all large mammals were something to be conquered and owned as agricultural Takers view the soil of the world.

Amid these conclusions, Faith and Surovell derived their question from the fact that one cannot develop explanations for this phenomenon without knowing whether the extinction was a long-term process or a single event. They hypothesized that the extinction during the North American late Pleistocene was a single event that occurred between 12,000 and 10,000 radiocarbon years B.P. (Faith and Surovell, 2009).

The author stated that there's no evidence of any significant human contact with the mammals, based on which he eliminates the human factor for causing the extinctions of these mammals. First of all, no evidence doesn't always mean no crime. Humans might have had untraceable but intensive contact with these mammals. For example, humans or the domesticated animals landed on Kaliko could have brought a new disease, which these mammals' immune systems were not readily built to fight against and eventually caused their extinction. Therefore, the author prematurely eliminated the human factor.

The article “Animals Survivors” explains solutions to a few endangered species. “With help from humans , some endangered species are bouncing back to the brink of extinction”. Scientists and conservationists help endangered species safe and grow. In safe environments, the animals are better able to survive with the help of humans.

Guns, you may be aware of the debate whether citizens should have the right to own weaponry. For those of you that are not, it has been an argument whether citizens owning weapons should be allowed or not. One side uses the argument that guns kill people. The other side uses the argument that it’s not the guns that kill people, but the people wielding the gun. Is it really as dangerous as some may want you to think? Many people mis-use weapons, but it should still be a right to own them. By taking away our weapons, you take away how the people protect themselves, you take away one of the rights that have been here since the constitution was made, and you increase the amount of crime.

The late Pleistocene has been link with the extinction of large mammals, this extinction has been identified as a human-driven process since Paul Martin saw a contributing link between the extinction of large mammalian species and the appearance of humans. However, this does not mean that megafauna was not going to become extinct without human interference. This essay will provide detailed analysis and assessment of the Overkill hypothesis, which argues that the megafaunal extinction in America and Eurasia was caused by humans. In recent years many papers

Over 65 million years ago, planet Earth consisted of an extraordinary species known as dinosaurs. During this time something extremely large hit the earth, causing global devastation. “65% of all life on the face of the planet was snuffed out of existence and the dinosaurs that roamed the planet up to that point were no more” (O’Neill, 2009). Curiosity has grown over the past hundred years, and scientists and researchers have given their life to find out what exactly happened on that mysterious day. “A dinosaur extinction hypothesis is a testable statement describing factors that may have contributed to the dinosaurs' demise and how long the process may have taken. Evidence, observation, and experimentation can serve to support or disprove a hypothesis. Regardless of its ultimate

Modern guns can be extremely powerful and accurate at many ranges, but when firearms were first invented that was not the case. Early firearms tended to be very inaccurate and not even shoot very far. Because of how they were loaded a lot of time in between shots was spent shoving black powder and a hunk of metal down the barrel. Another common weapon used in these times was the bow which unlike these early firearms could fire quickly, were very accurate, and could be fired from farther away. So why was the bow so quickly replaced with these “inferior” weapons?

The extinction of the dinosaurs has caused great controversy all over the world. There are many theories of how they were killed, such as; an asteroid impact, volcanic activity, climate change, and eggs that took too long to hatch. Their extinction allowed humans to rule the Earth in their place.

For tens of thousands of years, wild animals have been hunted and utilised by humans in Africa – be it for food or trade. Over the centuries, established methods for hunting and utilisation had arisen and evolved to become part of the very fabric of human existence in Africa. During the 1800s and well into the 20th century, European colonialists established and maintained substantial control over the African continent; as such, European influences affected multiple aspects of life for indigenous, black Africans as well as the wildlife with which they shared the land. The colonial rulers of the various African countries instigated their own concepts of wildlife utilisation across Africa – imposing it upon the indigenous populations. These concepts were often diametrically opposed to the culturally accepted methods and traditions of the various indigenous peoples for wildlife utilisation and exploitation. While these European concepts may have been beneficial to wildlife in some cases, the implementation of these concepts were solely for the benefit of the white ruling class. The subsequent resentment by indigenous communities over the forced acquisition of their land, restricted access to wildlife they had been allowed to hunt for generations before them, as well as continual oppression by this same colonial state, galvanised suspicion and hostility towards this colonial rulers as well as the specific conservation models imposed upon the indigenous communities by the state.

Exploitation of land and forest resources by humans along with hunting and trapping for food and sport has led to the extinction of many species in India in recent times. These species include mammals such as the Indian /Asiatic Cheetah, Javan Rhinoceros and Sumatran Rhinoceros