Gut Microbiota Research Paper

The microorganisms living inside of the human gut are there for a cause, the reason being to help stabilize the intestines to keep the body functioning properly. While taking antibiotics, it is intended to kill off the bad bacterium

Gut microbiome is one of the densest, most dynamic, and complex microorganism populations located in the body (Costa et al., 2012). Gut microbes act against transient pathogens, aid in digestion and absorption, stimulate the immune system, and support enteroctyes (Suchodoiski et al., 2012). Gut microbiome population differs between species, individuals, and organs (Fraga et al., 2011). It is noted that there are one billion microbes from one drop of cecal fluid, consisting of anaerobic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and archae (Fraga et al., 2012). If these microbes are changed, this could result in gastrointestinal disease and even death. Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficle, Escherichia coli general and K-12, and Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBEC) are common bacteria found in the microbiome of the hindgut. These strains are considered opportunistic bacteria, and if the immune system becomes compromised by changes to the hindgut microbiome, this will trigger proliferation of harmful and opportunistic bacteria that can cause numerous gastrointestinal

Physiological books—specifically those about the gut microbiota and the importance of the digestive system—took up the most rows in my mental library due to the fact that I can use their knowledge to positively impact countless lives, starting with the ones closest to home. I grew up allergic to pollen, dust, peanuts, oatmeal, and even penicillin. My mother has an issue with Helicobacter pylori in her stomach and cholesterol levels. My father is genetically predisposed towards high blood pressure. Through these books, I gained a better understanding of the biological human; specifically, I learned about how central the digestive system is to the body, not only by providing nutrients but also, through its resident bacteria, by regulating immune function. Through learning more about this expansive mass, I can help my loved ones change their lifestyle and dietary habits to improve their

Bacteria, fungi, viruses and other organisms that make up the digestive system of our body actually outnumber the quantity of our cells. Over time research has made clear that these small organisms play a very important role in our health - both physically and mentally. All these microbes that inhabit our body are called microbiome, and they are estimated to weigh between two to six pounds. Most of these microbes live in our gut and intestines and they help us digest food, incorporate vitamins, and fight infections. Recent studies have revealed that bacteria in our digestive system not only affect our physical health, but it also plays a major role in our mental health. Gut microbiome has been linked to a range of complex behaviors, such

Is the key to disease prevention, treatment, and longevity found within us? For many illnesses pervading in American society today, our bodies may hold the answer. Each individual human has more than 100 trillion bacterial cells in their gastrointestinal tract. The commensal and mutualistic relationship between this multitude of bacteria and their host has been seen to prevent and treat disease, as well as provide insight to a long, healthy life (Koboziev, 2014). The diversity of these microorganisms and their relative abundance within the gastrointestinal tract provides protection against disease and metabolism of food (Nicholson, 2012). Due to the great diversity in gut microbiota, the composition can serve as a biological fingerprint (Sunagawa, 2013). Any significant change in an individual’s gut

The human body harbours huge and complex microbial communities, called the microbiota. The microbiota is gaining importance in human health due to increasing evidence that its bacterial component plays a role in the occurrence of chronic diseases [1]. In this regard, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (or gut) bacteria are very important [2], being the niche for many bacteria which have been extensively studied [3]. Rather than the action of single or group of gut bacteria, perturbation of the overall gut bacteria (dysbiosis) is crucial for the integrity of the GIT and extra-GIT disorders [4]. The gut bacterial composition is influenced by both intrinsic and extraneous factors [5]. These extraneous factors include diet [6] and physical activity [7].

Our immune system and digestive health are fully dependant on a healthy and balanced gut microbiota; it provides an important source of a whole range of vitamins, in particular vitamins B and K. (Hill, 1997). Although our gut microbiota is known to contain tens of trillions of microorganisms, our gastrointestinal tract was sterile at birth with its bacterial colonisation process beginning during and shortly after delivery. The type of bacteria found in the gut microbiota of infants can almost entirely be attributed to how the infant is fed (Fuller & Perdigon, 2003). Research has shown that there are significant differences in the gut microbiota of breast-fed and formula-fed infants with breast-fed infants experiencing fewer gastrointestinal problems and being less prone to infections (Stark & Lee, 1982; Benno et al., 1984 cited in Fuller & Perdigon,

As the saying goes “we are what we eat” most people have heard of the saying, but really do not think twice about it; so what you eat can cause diseases that most people do not know about. The microbes that live in the gut helps with digestion, which plays an important role in the health of the host (Clemente, Jose C., Luke K. Ursell, Laura Wegener Parfrey, and Rob Knight. "The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Human Health: An Integrative View." Cell 148.6 (2012): 1258-270. Web. ). Because of what you eat, it can influence the diversity of the microbes and certain disease to develop because of your diet. Knowing that what you eat can impact health it can help to change how the diet is in today’s society. This is why microbes are important to

We have already seen from the previous research paper that there exists a symbiotic relationship between the human host and the micro biome ecosystem that lives within it. The mere fact that it is not possible to independently culture most of these bacteria is a testament to the dependency between the environment and the host. Most of these bacteria can only grow within the host and in the community of other bacteria that co-exist with it. The use of metagenomics testing has helped us better understand the nature of the gut micro biomes and also provide more information on microbial diversity as well as the representation of particular microbes. Another popular approach to analyzing the micro biome, the high-throughput

A prebiotic in relation to digestion is a substance or form of food that promotes the maintenance and or growth of healthy gut flora in the digestive system. Soluble fibers fit this description as they are not abled to be digested by the human digestive processes, however they are digestible by the healthy gut flora, put simply they are a food source for the healthy gut flora, this allows these microorganisms that live in your gut to thrive and multiply. This is a form of mutualism, this is when two organisms survive together benefiting from each other, the gut flora get food to survive and grow and we have the gut flora that help us digest things we cant and promote healthy digestive

The human microbiome is the genetic material of the microbes that live inside and on the human body. Microbes are microscopic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. One’s diet and environmental factors can affect the composition of the microbiome. There is a high concentration of microbes in the gut, particularly inside the large intestine. The microbiome does many different things. It helps to digest our food, regulate our immune system, produce vitamins, protect against bad bacteria, and is essential for human development. Recent studies suggest that the microbiome also has an impact on the brain and emotional behavior. Interactions between the host and its microbiome are complex and bidirectional.

This can bring about leaky bowel syndrome which might explain the intestinal bacteria presence in the systemic immune system. Changed gut bacterial repertoire can influence the whole immune system in the intestine with consequent modification in the systemic immune system. The gastrointestinal tract contains about 1013 microbes., most of them anaerobic microorganisms which are difficult to culture. In the primary finding to demonstrate the relationship between them, the fatty acids of gastrointestinal bacteria were analyzed to show that arthritic patients with erosive illness differed from other individuals. In the following study, fecal arthritis patients which contain the microbiome were examined by 16 S ribosomal RNA sequencing of bacteria via utilizing the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt PCR). This result showed that patients who suffer rheumatoid arthritis have a low abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium bacteria in comparison with healthy controls, proposing dysbiosis as these are the popular genera in individuals. On the other hand, the data was few because a decreased number of

The term microbiota is here used to describe a ‘community of microorganisms’. The term microbiome was originally coined by Joshua Lederberg as "the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that share our body space”. Lederberg has also been quoted as defining the “microbiome to describe the collective genome of indigenous microbes that are present in our body (microflora)” (Hooper and Gordon, 2001).

The overuse of antibiotics has been a problem for well over a decade. This misuse leads to many nonvisible problems arising within the human population. As the use of antibiotics increases, the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria also increases. When bacteria become resistant to an antibiotic, another antibiotic must be used to try and kill it and the cycle becomes vicious. Michael Martin, Sapna Thottathil, and Thomas Newman stated that antimicrobial resistance is, “an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society” (2409).