H. Floresiensis Hypothesis

A. C. H., was discovered in the loft space above the office of the Keeper of Zoology—the office Hinton had occupied from 1936 to 1945. This was the first concrete evidence implicating Hinton in the Piltdown hoax (Gardiner, 2003). Contained in the trunk were x teeth similarly stained to the materials discovered at Piltdown I, while several other materials, such as elephant and hippopotami teeth and bone fragments, had been whitened similar in fashion to the ‘cricket bat’ found at the Piltdown II site; the cricket bat having been made form an elephant femur. Hinton had experimented with bone and tooth staining (De Groote et al., 2016) predominantly staining them with iron to match the gravels of a Pleistocene era (Gardiner, 2003)… Also among Hinton’s effects, were eight human teeth that had been stained with iron, chromium, and manganese (Gardiner & Currant, 1996), similar to those of the Piltdown site. When the fluorine dating method was implemented this further incriminated Hinton as the findings from the Piltdown I site evidenced “a recent ape jaw and canine had been artificially modified, stained and planted at Piltdown I, along with parts of a similarly stained recent human skull” (De Groote, 2016, p. 4). The method Hinton practiced (evidenced by the findings in his trunk) was unique to him—a signature—therefore, implicating him as the Piltdown

Homo erectus was first found in Africa and the fossilized remains dated 1.8 and 1.0 million years old. The Homo erectus traits are very similar toward the modern human traits. Homo erectus brain size was smaller than the Homo sapiens. Homo erectus had a brain size of approximately 650 cc and Homo sapiens had a brain size of approximately 1251

Other than this remarkable jump, the physical features stayed relatively constant over those 1.4 million years(Washburn, McCown 1972). Some anthropologists say that their supra-orbital ridges were slightly more pronounced than previously, cranial bones were heavier and there was still no protruding chin but their molars had decreased in size (Washburn, McCown 1972).

Homo floresiensis (“Man of Flores”) is the name for a possible new species in the genus Homo, remarkable for its small body, small brain, and survival until relatively recent times (www.en.wikipedia.org). Anthropologists Peter Brown of University of New England in South Wales, Australia, Michael Morwood and their colleagues have argued that a variety of features, both primitive and derived, identified LB1 (the first skeleton found in cave of Liang Bua) is that of a new species of hominin, Homo floresiensis. The first specimens were discovered by Thomas Sutikna and colleagues from the Indonesian Research Centre for Archaeology in Liang Bua cave of Flores, Indonesia in September of 2003

The discovery of the remains of an apparently miniature hominin species (catalogued as Lb1) on the island of Flores has sparked debate throughout the archaeological community. This species of hominin is unique in a number of aspects and appears contradictory to trends in archaeological evidence and theories about the development of modern humans in that area of the world.

“How old is the oldest human fossil?,” If you had said about 700,000 years, you would probably have been right until just recently that is, “The September 1998 issue of Discover magazine”, reports that Ernesto Abbate, a geology professor from Florence, Italy, has just discovered the fossilized skull and teeth of a humanlike creature who might have lived, as far back as, one million years ago. Calling this creature Buia Man after the city in northeastern Africa where the remains were found. Prof. Abbate thinks he has discovered the earliest fossil that displays physical features associated with Homo sapiens, the species to which modern humans belong. Moreover, Buia Man says, Prof. Abbate also shows physical

The main character in the story, Bilbo Baggins was just a simple ordinary routine-loving hobbit. Despite being a creature the reader has never seen, Bilbo Baggins is described in physical, psychological, and social terms that are quite understandable. He looks like an adult human, except that he is about half the height, is beardless,

When I began searching for an article on my topic, I already know that this prehistoric species was found on Flores. I also knew that Flores an island.

A hobbit is a short, plump, thing that lives underground and hides from us, humans. Hobbits also have no facial hair but their feet are very hairy and the do not where shoes. Bilbo Baggins is a hobbit but he’s different from other hobbits because he has two sides the Baggins side and the took side. His mom was belladonna took one of the three famous daughters of a took. Their famous because the captured a fairy wife and are very adventurous. Bilbo’s dad was bungo Baggins he was not adventurous at all. Baggins are lazy and love to eat you will never see them skip a meal. Quite frankly for Bilbo both his took side and Baggins side are very wealthy and rich. So he would never go broke a day in his life. There are some similarities with the took

advantages to open new opportunities for the early primates that allowed to crack up bones and nuts for food. Likewise, these tools were both found with Australopithecus boisei that shared the same terrain during the same time period with the Homo habilis. “If australopithecines were equally skillful, then [the explanation that there is an association with intelligence and tool making would] fail” (Lewin and Foley 293). These tools both found with the Australopithecines and homo species pushed new theories into action about how humans succeeded into what they are currently. Also, one very unusual specimen was found in the island of Flores. A new species that taught that scientific community to reevaluate the human evolution and how they became

The discovery of Homo floresiensis occurred of the coast of Indonesia on one of the Wallecean Islands called Flores. The dig site which Homo floresiensis was discovered is called Liang Bua or “cool cave”. Father Theodore Verhoeven was the first to report and publish that stone tools were found in central Flores at

In 2003 archaeologists discovered the remains of a possible early human ancestor in Indonesia. These remains were found in the Liang Bua cave on Flores Island, Indonesia, and so far this is the only location where similar specimens have been found. It is estimated that H. floresiensis lived between 74,000 and 17,000 years ago (Olszewski, 2016). If this is accurate, it would have lived contemporarily with Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, and most recently Homo sapiens. Homo floresiensis had an unusually short body and small brain size for a Homo in the Late Pleistocene. It displayed a Homo erectus cranial shape but not size, earlier Hominid-like limb proportions, and other primitive, advanced, and unique skeletal features. It was well suited for life on a densely forested isolated island that would have had a limited food source thus contributing to its small size (Lyras et al., 2008). There is much debate on whether these fossils represent a new species of Homo, whether it is a late survivor of the Homo erectus migration out of Africa, or even be classified within a group of hominids that migrated out of Africa pre-Homo erectus.

Microcephalia is a clinical condition in which the occipital frontal head circumference is severely reduced, and because the cranial capacity of LB1, is only 417 cm3, microcephaly was seen as one of the most important theories relating to the existence of Homo Floresiensis. It can be caused by decreased brain size at birth or by impaired brain growth post-birth, and can also be due to genetic as well as environmental factors. The wide range of brain volumes in microcephalic modern humans is predominantly smaller than those of the average human brain volume, thus the range of brain volumes of human microcephalics encompasses the volume of the Homo floresiensis brain. Regarding both stature and absolute brain volume, Homo floresiensis are smaller than any other known hominins, including Homo erectus, Homo habilis and Australopithecines. Weber et al. (2006) analyzed the morphology of 19 microcephalic brains and thus argued that the brain morphology is not adequately different enough to exclude the possibility that it might be of microcephalic origin.

       In the article, "Natural History of Homo erectus" by Susan C. Antón discussed our view of H. erectus is different today than when Pithecanthropus erectus, then only the second fossil hominin taxon to be discovered, was described by Dubois (1894) (Antón, C. Susan, 162). H. erectus was the most primitive and smallest-brained of the fossil hominins (Antón, C. Susan, 162). Therefore, early observations expended significant effort showing that the Indonesian fossils from Trinil were actually hominins (Antón, C. Susan, 162). Thus, it took the dismissal of Piltdown and the broad acceptance of Australopithecus as a hominin ancestor, along with the substantial Asian

The classification for hobbits are still fighting to be classified between two species. To Half of the scientific community believes that the small elf like fossils belong to Homo sapiens as miniature people. The other half of scientists want to put them as a totally different breed of humans titled Homo floresiensis. Either way the result of the abnormally sized group of people is due to a phenomenon called island dwarfing. A discovery team in the island of Flores, found a nearly completed skeleton they called Liang Bua or LB1. She was thought to be a child, but then had tooth wear from many years of being alive. It is already evident for other animals but this is the first case for humans. One leader for the sapiens side, Teuku Jacob said that the bones did not belong