H. Pylori Case Study

Blood and saliva borne bacteria are mainly the reason for some serious infectious diseases (Szymanska, 2005, Martin et al., 2009). For example, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a known virus that may be contracted in dental clinics. Investigation of the presence of the virus in the oral fluids of hepatitis B carriers showed that %70 of their sample were infectious (Molinari & Harte, 2010). The greatest concentration of the HBV is under the gingival sulucs where this area is inflamed routinely and allows blood to mix

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human pathogen that is responsible for ulcers and stomach inflammation. The organism had been researched by several scientists around the world since 1875; however none of them was successfully culture it. Until 1982, Dr. Barry Marshall and Dr. Robin Warren succeeded in observing the colonies, and thus became the first scientists to discover this bacterium. By self-testing, Dr. Marshall drank a liquid that contained H. pylori culture. A few days later, he got sick with many symptoms such as vomiting and nausea. After ten days, by undergoing endoscopy, he was able to confirm the role of H. pylori in causing gastritis. Then he and Dr. Warren also demonstrated the effect of

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive bacterium which causes diarrhoea. It also known as antibiotic associated diarrhoea and also pseudomembranous colitis. The bacterium secretes large protein toxin that also causes toxic mega colon. Clostridium difficile is caused by when a person is given one of the following antibiotics: Cephalosporin, penicillin (particularly Ampicillin or Amoxicillin), Clindamycin and Fluoroquinolone. The antibiotic will remove the entire normal flora in the colon. The lack of normal flora will make the person vulnerable to infection especially to Clostridium difficile because Clostridium difficile produces hardy spores

patient tested positive for H. pylori and wakes up at night due to cramping pain with bloating, so it is assumed to be peptic ulcer and the status of his condition is uncontrolled. Her symptoms were not improved with over the counter medication, Tums. Therefore, it is not GRED. However, Patient does not need a referral for endoscopy this time around because she does not hat the symptoms vomiting, nausea or dizziness.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that inhabits the human stomach and has been linked as a risk factor for chronic gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori is able to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach due to its urease enzyme which converts the urea in gastric juice to alkaline ammonia and carbon dioxide. Infection with H. pylori is generally contracted during childhood and can persist indefinitely if untreated. Possible risk factors for H. pylori infection include poor diet, poor hygiene, density, low socioeconomic status (SES), and family history of gastric disease. Studies have found an increased risk of infection with consuming food prepared under unsanitary conditions and a reduced risk with increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Poor hygiene

It is always challenging to accurately diagnose abdominal pain in the primary care settings. An extensive knowledge of the anatomy and physiology could help narrow down possible causes of abdominal pain.

2. List what it is caused by (specific scientific and common names of the organism: Escherichia coli

Affecting over three million Americans, GERD is a serious problem in the United States. Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition that affects both children and adults that can lead to other more serious diseases. Thankfully, the American Medical Association has now recognized Hemophilia as a serious concern in efforts to increase its research funding. However, Celiac Disease has also received the endorsement of the American Medical Association this year. As Genentech is the nation’s leading research corporation, both diseases will likely compete for your support. I highly advocate that Genentech allocate all funds and research resources available to GERD, as it is a disease that can make everyday activities painful.

Clostridium difficile was initially thought to be part of the normal flora and C. difficile infections were miss identified as Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans. The C. difficile toxin was later identified in 1977 after a clinical trial using clindamycin caused patients to have diarrhea. The next year, in 1978, antibiotic use was quickly discovered as the major risk factor (Brymer, 2007). Clostridia belong to the phylum Firmicutes and comprise a heterogeneous group consisting of at least 12 lineages. Morphological and phenotypic properties that have traditionally been used to define the genus include the formation of endospores, anaerobic energy metabolism, an inability to reduce sulfate to sulfide, and a Gram- positive cell wall structure. Clostridia usually form spores only under anaerobic conditions, they grow better anaerobically than in air (Stevens,2015). Clostridium difficile infection is the most common infectious cause of diarrhea in the Intensive Care Unit.

The history of Helicobacter pylori goes back to 1875 when German scientists found the spiral shaped bacteria in the stomach linings of patients (“Helicobacter Pylori,” Wikipedia). However, Helicobacter pylori, also known as H. pylori, was officially discovered in 1982 by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren when they ended up leaving petri dishes incubating over Easter weekend (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). After returning to the petri dishes after five days they discovered they had unintentionally successfully cultured the bacteria and were finally able to visualize it (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). Until 1989, Helicobacter pylori was called Campylobacter pylori (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). However further research done in 1989

There is a bacterial infection affecting a large percent of band students at Truman and Jackson Middle School. The type of bacteria is E. coli.

Hello Kelli, I enjoyed reading your post. You made some good points. I just want to add to what your mention about H. pylori being treated with two varieties of antibiotics the patient may also be given proton pump inhibitor, histamine receptor blocker, and protectants to help relieve pain. I think it is interesting o how the breath test is performed and thanks for sharing that information because it very helpful. It is also important that patient doesn’t eat or drink anything for a least 6 hours before the breath or stomach biopsy is performed. Other than those small adjustments that I wanted to add, I think you did a wonderful job.

Answer: I used emedicine to reference more statistical history on H. pylori and its common applications in relation to the ulcer bug currently. Using the same data that was gathered from the study referenced on D2L the protocols for treatment have vastly improved over the last couple years. I thought about the long term effect that antibiotic treatment of this bacteria and how the bacteria itself “burrows” itself into the stomach mucosa thus causing the ulceration. The article I read also mentioned that this specific bacteria is also responsible for inflammation in the duodenum (part of the small intestine). In summation there also is a higher risk for stomach cancer and lymphoma also associated with this bug.

Clostridium difficile is a very common nosocomial infection. There are two particular recent incidents that have been recorded and taken advantage of in order to see what the nosocomial disease is capable of. One case in particular occured in China back in the span years of 2014 and 2015. This case involved separating different strains found throughout the hospital to in order to examine virulence ability. C. difficile was monitored due to the fact that it is able to produce spores that are resistant to regular control measures. This case in china occurred due to the fact transmission ability and susceptibility of this bacterium is not often assessed in this country (6).

cases a combination of small and large lesions may be found on the leaves. Fruit can also be infected by bacteria and show symptoms similar to those exhibited by leaves. The appearance of the symptoms on leaves and fruit is influenced by several factors, including the cultivars, strain of the causal bacterium and environmental conditions. As a result of severe infection on the plants defoliation can occur. The disease affects stems, leaves and fruits and causes significant losses when environmental conditions are suitable for the pathogen (Diab et al., 1982 and Pernezny et al., 2003).