HAI Legislation Analysis

1. Outline current legislation and regulatory body standards which are relevant to the prevention and control of infection.

The Health and Social Care Act 2008, Code of Practice for health and adult social care for the prevention and control of infection and related guidance(Department of Health 2009) requires all organisations which provide health and adult social care to have policies, procedures and protocols in place which minimise the risk of infection. This Act came into force in April 2009 for NHS care providers and is used by the Care Quality Commission to assess compliance with the registration requirements on 'cleanliness and infection prevention and control'. Independent health and adult social care will be brought into registration under the Health and Social Care Act 2008 from October 2010 and the Code has been revised to cover all adult health and social care providers.

Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) affect over 1.7 million patients each year, causing almost 100,000 deaths annually in the United States alone (Johnson, 2010). According to the World Health Organization, HAIs are the most frequent adverse event in the healthcare industry. Fortunately, most of these infections can be prevented with one single intervention, proper hand hygiene (“The Evidence,” n.d.). Four out of five pathogens that cause illness are spread by direct contact. Proper hand hygiene eliminates these pathogens and helps to prevent cross-contamination and HAIs (Linton, 2015; “Hand Hygiene,” n.d.). Reduction of cross-contamination and HAIs improves patient outcomes, increases employee wellness, and lowers health care costs. Adherence to proper hand hygiene is the single most important safety measure in the health care setting. However, for many years compliance to proper hand hygiene in the healthcare industry has been dismally low. New and inventive measures must be implemented to increase compliance to proper hand hygiene and lower the rate of hospital-acquired infections.

| UNIT 4222- 264 THE PRINCIPLES OF INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL | | | |

Legal regulations that come under HASAWA include The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH), this is relevant as it is about the prevention and control of pathogens and managing the safe storage and use of hazardous substances. Reporting of Injury, Disease and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) is relevant as it requires that any infection or disease that is work

P4: Identify key aspects of legislation and guidelines relevant to the prevention and control of infection in a health or social care setting. In a health and social care environment, it is quite important that everybody is following the legislations and guidelines that are relevant to the prevention control of infection in a health or social care setting. The legislations and guidelines include: Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, The Public Health Act 1984(Control of disease), The Food Safety Regulation (General Food Hygiene 1995), the Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regulations 1991 and COSHH 2002(Control of Substances Hazardous and Health).

The standard precautions are implemented at all times to decrease the risk of transmitting infectious agents. Assuming that all patients could carry an infection, this minimises the potential spread of HAI’s. These standard precautions include routine hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, safe handling and disposure of sharps and routine environmental cleaning.4,5 In this situation, where blood is present, this is considered a biohazard. Hand hygiene must be performed before touching the patient, before and after any procedures or exposure to bodily substances and after touching the patient or any of the patient’s surroundings. The use of Personal protective equipment should be used when attending to the patient. This includes protective eye wear, a surgical mask and an apron for protection from any splashes or sprays of blood generated by the patient. Gloves should also be worn for single use only when coming in contact with open skin and bodily fluids. To minimise the spread of blood, the bystander with visibly soiled hands should also be advised to thoroughly clean them with soap and

There are two NPSG goals that appropriately fit the risk at hand. The first goal is NPSG.07.01.01, which is a risk that talks about complying with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization for hand hygiene. In enacting this into a hospital, this would cut down on the number of infections that are spread by the physical touch of the medical professionals. This is important because it holds medical staff responsible if they are not following the proper policy and procedure. If they do not follow it, and are repeat offenders, it would allow for terms of being written up or termination.

This paragraph explains ways to prevent infections contracted from hospitals. The number one way to lower the spread of infections contracted through a hospital is correct sanitation customs. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a federal government agency has come up with guidelines in order to safeguard against the expansion of infections and diseases for patients and the workers (Hedman, 2010). It is mandatory for administrators of hospitals to write a disclosure policy to protect the workers from infections like Hepatitis B and other infections and bad bacteria. Minimizing infections that the workers have can aid in stopping the spread of

It is evident, one out of every 25 patients in an acute care setting acquires a HAI the United States alone (Bubb, et al., 2016). Further, HAIs result in a significantly higher morbidity, and mortality, lengths of stay, and cost of health care (McNeill, L. 2017); not to mention the negative health outcomes on families, and communities at large (bubb, et al., 2016). In addition, globalization is another factor that has perpetuated the transmission of infectious diseases as the world population has become more mobile.

Controlling spread of infection is the key for the individual or the health care provider and washing hands is the first step. Hand washing is the most single most important strategy for preventing infection transmission. HAIs are the most common complication of hospital care. However, recent studies suggest that implementing existing prevention practices can lead to up to a 70 percent reduction in certain HAIs. The financial benefit of using these prevention practices is estimated to be $25.0 billion to $31.5 billion in medical cost savings (Healthypeople.gov 2020).

Report for priority focus area under infection control standard, for Nightingale Community Hospital. Our hospital is 13 months away from its anticipated next Joint Commission visit (JAHCO).

Describe how Haier uses activity sharing and the transfer of core competencies to create value. (related diversification strategy)

Haier appliances group enters New Zealand market: analysis of its strategy’s suitability with resource based view and SWOT

Haier Group is an innovative Chinese multinational consumer electronics and home appliances leader headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong province, China. The company is the world’s largest brand of white goods – refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, and water heaters – as well a as major producer of TVs, small appliances, and smartphones. In china alone the organization maintains 6,000 country stores, 24,000 town stores, 150,000 vendor contractors, and 19,000-plus service centers. According to data released by Euro monitor, in 2014 the Haier brand had the world's largest market share in white goods, with 10.2% retail market share volume.