HBCU Summary

Thesis: HBCU’s are necessary for the future of democratic America because they better prepare African American students as individuals and for the workforce.

Historically Black Colleges and Universities, or HBCUs, have played an important role in enriching the lives of not just African Americans, but our entire country.”(Keller) What Ric Keller states here is an opinion that outlines a compelling fact about HBCUs that along with several other significant information that may come as a surprise. Essentially, the great debate between the choice of whether a Historically Black College and University or Predominantly White Institution is more beneficial or not can become a pondering interrogation. Each acronym defines itself, Historically Black Colleges and Universities(HBCUs) were established by the means of providing an education for predominantly African American students. Whereas, Predominantly White Intuitions(PWI) serve to instruct and educated the opposite or in other words those of Caucasian descent.

By this time I had obtained courage to speak out against topics of that were controversial or even at the least uncomfortable for me. The class was structured around climate change and sustainable energy. There was harmonious agreement that water bottles were inefficient and not needed at the university. The opinion further spread to doing away with all water bottles because they were contributing to the decline of the environment. While I agreed water bottles were bad for the planet, I thought about times they were useful in third world countries,not only in third world countries but even in the United States. I was slightly upset because this was after the water crisis in Flint, Michigan had occurred. There was no mention of the importance of water bottles for those in crisis. I was also sensitive because I could recall a time where segregation forced people to drink from two separate fountains. Packages of water bottles were donated were being sent to families affected, I watched this story on the news. I watched this story because Flint, Michigan had a very high population of african-americans affected by this water contamination. Race in my mind, plays a valuable factor when it comes to climate change. The environmental justice movement had gone hand in hand with the civil rights movement. The environmental justice movement sought to stop the minority from paying the consequence of poor

“Historically Black Colleges and Universities, or HBCUs, have played an important role in enriching the lives of not just African Americans, but our entire country.”(Keller) What Ric Keller states here is an opinion that outlines a compelling fact about HBCUs that along with several other significant information that may come as a surprise. Essentially, the great debate between the choice of whether an Historically Black College and University or Predominantly White Institution is more beneficial or not can become a pondering interrogation. Each acronym defines itself, Historically Black Colleges and Universities(HBCUs) were established by the means of providing an education for predominantly African American students. Whereas, Predominantly White Intuitions(PWI) serve to instruct and educated the opposite or in other words those of Caucasian descent.

It should remind us that HBCUs were established despite the resistance that African Americans received from the White Americans. HBCUs afforded African Americans the education that was once legally denied to them. Historically Black Colleges and Universities provide the best college experiences for African Americans. They have produced many prominent leaders, preachers, physicians and judges within our communities. HBCUs teach and help keep the history of African Americans struggle alive. The fabric of HBCUs are rooted in family. Many parents and children share a special bond because of the HBCU experience. HBCUs are a vital part of the continuing efforts to shape great African American leaders that will promote strength in our communities and help achieve our dream of equality in today’s

It is important that achieving environmental justice becomes an aim that is universal. This is because minorities and those with a lower socioeconomic status bear the burden of environmental hazards. Environmental hazards can impact the quality of the air, water, and land. Exposure to these environmental hazards can occur through inhalation, ingestion, and absorption. Thus adverse health outcomes may result. Because minorities and those of a lower socioeconomic status typically bear the burden of environmental hazards, they are at an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. This is especially harmful to vulnerable populations including children and the elderly. This is seen in the environmental justice case, Maynas Carijana vs.

One of the worse natural disasters to ever impact the Earth was undoubtedly Hurricane Katrina. It impacted New Orleans causing many casualties. This lead to psychological pain as the city tried to regain its prior image. Also, leading to environmental racism, which is a form of discrimination against minority groups and individuals from less unfortunate countries who are exposed to environmental hazards (Ravelli & Webber, 2013). Individuals in New Orleans had been endangered to discrimination due to being left in areas exposed to disasters. Furthermore, how New Orleans coped with the situation, comes from Bullard’s ideas of ecological righteousness, changing the burden of proof to polluters also equalizing current inequalities. The city faced

In Hilda E. Kurtz’s document, Environmental Justice, Citizen Participation and Hurricane Katrina, the effects of natural disasters on low income areas are discussed. Although these areas are the target of the document, it also touches base on the effects these disasters may have on higher income areas. Environmental justice (EJ) is stated to have been originated in the social relations of the southeastern United States. This emerged from a convergence of environmental and civil rights activists in the 1980s. Environmental justice was brought up due to incidents such as hazardous waste facilities being located mainly in communities of color and low income. The government found three of the nation’s four largest landfills were located predominantly

Environmental Injustice alludes to socially minimized racial minority groups which are subjected to lopsided presentation of contaminations, the forswearing of access to wellsprings of biological advantages, (for example, clean air, water, and characteristic assets), or both. Studies that date back to the 1970s have indicated a reliable example in who lives close to the sorts of dangers: dangerous waste locales, landfills, and congested thruways. The constant answer: destitute individuals and groups of shading. This example of "ecological bad form" recommends that minorities may battle each day with unbalanced wellbeing dangers from tailpipe fumes or coal plant outflows. Be that as it may, these wellbeing dangers are harder to measure than say, the quantity of energy plants in a city. Also, the greater part of the exploration that has attempted to do this has been compelled to a singular metropolitan locale, or to those few places that happen to have extraordinary checking data on sullying. The Dark Administration Discussion goes about as a clearinghouse for national African American pioneers. The DAD unites Dark pioneers to ponder issues of the most profound, centrality to African Americans especially social equality and real open approach issues. Since the late spring of 2000, DAD has included Environmental Change as a critical strategy issue of worry to the African American authority.

Hazards and pollutants are apparent in a variety of outcomes. Possible outcomes include asthma, cancer and chemical poisoning (Gee and Payne-Sturges 2004: 1647). Furthermore, “Although debated, the main hypothesis explaining these disparities is that disadvantaged communities encounter greater exposure to environmental toxins such as air pollution, pesticides, and lead” (Gee and Payne-Sturges 2004: 1647). Therefore, disadvantaged groups, such as people of color and the poor, experience greater environmental risks. Additionally, “Blacks in particular are exposed to a disproportionate amount of pollution and suffer the highest levels of lead and pesticide poisoning and other associated health problems” (Jones and Rainey 2006: 474). People of color, essentially, compete to live healthily. For example, African-Americans and Africans alike, struggle with the negative affects of oil refineries and unresponsive governments. The same can be said for Hispanics in California and the natives of Ecuador, who are forced to cope with the pollution of the Texaco oil refineries (Bullard 2001: 4). Environmental racism not only exploits natural resources, it abuses and profits from the communities involved. Governments and polluting facilities will continue to capitalize on the economic susceptibilities of poor communities, states, nations and regions for their “unsound” and hazardous operations (Bullard 2001: 23).

The placement of companies deleterious to the environment and well-being of humans is something that prosperous communities are not quite familiar with; in contrast, it is something well-known to less affluent communities. The imbalance of classification shows a lack of environmental justice in low-income and minority communities. According to the EPA, or Environmental Protection Agency, “environmental justice is the fair treatment… of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies,” (EPA, n.d.). However, the environmental justice, the EPA mentions is not prevalent in communities of color, but rather its counterpart is: environmental injustice. Environmental injustice, or environmental racism, being the excessive placing of perilous waste and contaminating polluters near communities of color (Cha, 2016). Although often overlooked, environmental racism is an extensive problem that negatively affects minority communities in Southeast Los Angeles.

A lesson that I would hope to bring with me, if I was a designer of a CBPR program within a marginalized community, would be the importance of collaboration between marginalized community members and the CBPR program team members. Collaboration between CBPR program team members and members of the marginalized community may prevent conflict, hesitation, and/or resistance when attempting to develop policies or procedures; implement practices; or perform follow-up or review processes. This lesson would be extremely beneficial when attempting to perform a CBPR program or study that has the potential to encounter issues with racism or class discrimination; such as, the cultural interaction issues described by Gordon-Burns and Walker (2015). Within

The main aim of this summary was to explore the learning styles and life in general of students in Midwest University. The writer begins by thanking the students who made their accommodation at the campus possible. Usually, the school will cater only for its students with no visitors in mind. But some students were generous enough to offer their rooms for the academic year so that the writers would do their research comfortably. To be able to do so, they first needed permission from the relevant authorities in the campus. Also, they could not entirely fund the research on their own. The Spencer Foundation came in and funded them so that they would be able to collect the required data for their research. The primary purpose of this writers was

As a result of the fact Smith College does not have a plan on how to prepare in response to changes in climate, and that most data which is readily available to the public focuses on large scale climate change information, the project focused on presenting information specific to Smith College in a way which would be accessible to the Climate Change Study Group which was formed in the fall of 2015 as well as anyone else that wished to understand the impacts of climate change that may happen.

Haddon, Heather. "Thanks to Sandy, Surging Interest In Climate Study." Wall Street Journal, 28 Oct. 2015, eastern ed. ProQuest. Accessed 4 Aug. 2017.