HISTORY OF INTERPOL Essay

However with recent crime technology, changes in information management and information communications technology (ICT) they have been able to identify “trends, including hotspots, emerging crime groups and targets” (Chantler and Throne 2009, p. 127) and become more proactive in the field. With the growth of organised and transnational crime, intelligence-led policing is the best methodology to effectively combat organised and transnational organised crime (Bell and Congram 2013). Bell and Congram (2013, p. 19) states that transnational organised crime are “vulnerable to detection and disruption because of their communication” thus the use of information communications technology in intelligence-led practices helps reduce the risk of an intelligence attack (Waters, Ball & Dudgeon, 2008; Jackson et al.,

Both domestic and international measures are somewhat effective in dealing with international crime. Both crimes against the international community and Transnational crimes represent both positive outcomes in dealing with international crime, thus, exemplify issues in key areas. Through intergovernmental organizations such as the International Criminal Court and Operation Sovereign Borders (OSB), international crime Is effectively dealt with. Hence, problems such as extradition and people smuggling are hard to contain. These four issues will also be discussed in light of key effectiveness criteria, including equality, access, resources and the protection of rights.

Over the years, the criminal justice system has seen many changes. These changes have taken place due to the economy, social changes, environmental changes, and even cultural changes. Three items in particular that have affected the criminal justice system world-wide are globalization, privatization, and militarization. This paper will discuss the history of globalization, privatization, militarization, and cover the impacts that each has had on the criminal justice system. It is through being able to recognize these impacts that one can plan and prepare to adapt to an ever-evolving system.

In a democratic country law enforcement officers are expected to undertake their duties with dignity and respect thus following both the rule of law and its procedure. Law enforcement officials whose duty is to enforce the law should abide by the law and should be accountable for both their decisions and consequences of it. But the main issue is – quis custodiet ipsos custodes – who controls the controllers? This critical issue is of importance because the history of policing is littered with scandals in which police officers broke the law and also in which the police organisation failed to detect the deviance (or colluded in it; or tried to deflect investigations by defensive opposition). I will be examining in this article police corruption and its prevention and I shall focus on three main aspects: definitions of corruption; the forms it takes in different societies; ways of preventing

Introduction--London Metropolitan Police was the first police agency and was developed in 1829. The first police agencies in the United States were in Boston (1838), New York (1844); and Philadelphia (1854). Criminal justice system was first recognized in 1919, by the Chicago crime commission.

The globalization of crime has become a renowned problem for the law worldwide; as societies become more interconnected, an act in one country can have repercussions in another which is across another continent. This is primarily down to technological developments, as nowadays communication between countries is simple compared to decades ago. Alongside this transport is also a major problem, as it means that illegal activities can take place in more than one country as goods are transferred between the two, allowing the criminal world to reach all corners of the world.

Although, it may seem the FBI knows about the majority of criminalistics situations; they have been doing this job for many years and many years to come. John continues, “The FBI originated from a force of special agents created in 1908 by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte during the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (2).” This organization has been serving justice since the Roosevelt years in the early 1900’s. Everything the FBI is capable of, could not be demonstrated with perfection if it was not for their structure. This structure consists of being part of the U.S. Department of Justice, which is headed by the United States Attorney General. The authority they are granted are to enforce the law on a federal level (Sections 533 and 534, Title 28 of the U.S. Code). These are the ways the Federal Bureau of Investigation works from the agencies missions, history of the agency and the impressive structure of the agency, which makes them one of the major aspects of the federal law to the United States of America. From the approval of President Roosevelt to establish the beginning of the FBI,

Human trafficking has been entwined into the structure of governments, arms trade, drug trade, and even spreads as far as terrorism. For many years it has been a fact that the money that has been made by selling other humans to the highest bidder. It is also known that the organized crime operations generate one of the most profitable resources to the organization. These organizations use this money for theirs or other’s crime and end up in the hands of drug lords. Drug lords, in order to promote their own business give money to support terrorist groups and activities. Security after September 11, 2001 has recognized human trafficking as a national and international security risk.

World over, the criminal justice system work closely with undercover police units that are used to do unearth a series of sensitive evidence against law offender. By definition, undercover work as largely used is when police officers do not reveal their identities. As many opine, this form of policing takes a wider berth of forms and situation within which they operate. There is a general acknowledge among the justice system and the public on the need to have undercover policing in order to subvert threats to public safety such as terrorism

The asymmetrical theory by Naim says that the differences between the government and that of transnational crime creates asymmetry (Naim,2005). Different government agencies are organized in a hierarchical relationship that functions consistently from the top to the bottom (Naim,2005). Governments must often follow legal processes that take up time and cost money. These governments are forced to follow budget constraints, as well as legal and political reservation (Naim,2005). These governments must operate within the control of their constitution. In comparison, these transnational crime groups operate in less harsh structures, and are able to have more flexibility in their decision-making, as well as have unlimited funds available to them. The government’s

The author, Mr. Paul Kennedy reports that both the actions needed to protect human beings, as well as report environmental issues, and world wide record keeping efforts have soared both in requests for services and the needed manpower to deliver these services. Continuing, the world is crying out for the kinds of services that could protect all humans. Ideally, an international police force that could serve and protect people in all corners of the world- would be a strong deterrent toward these acts of terrorism that we see each night on the world news scene (Human Rights).

Over the past few decades there has been a drastic shift towards an almost completely militarized police force around the world. Local, national and even international law enforcement agencies are militarizing to face modern day threats. Law enforcement agencies around the world have been forced to militarize in order to properly respond to the ever growing arsenals of terrorist and criminal enterprises. This will be examined through looking at the globalization of militarizing police forces, the violent criminal, problems with the militarized force, use of the military equipment, and finally the justification for using military equipment.

In this research paper I will discuss one transnational crime, and compare the contrast of two nations for their definition of the crime rate, and tools used to measure the crime. I will give each country’s legal tradition and their major influences on crime definition, rate, and measurement. In this assignment I will analyze the extent to which crime statistics collected in different nations can adequately be compared.

The FBI has created an organized crime program that focuses on the crimes and criminal enterprises that are creating the greatest threat to America. They have three units which are focused on La Cosa Nostra, Italian organized crime and racketeering. Also included are Middle Eastern, Asian and African criminal enterprises. The framework of the program is based on pursuing targets that have ties to national and international criminal enterprises and breaking them down; relying on flexibility to aid in pursuing organized crime by regions that are conducting racketeering activities. They have also partnered with people globally to assist in information during investigations. Italy and Hungary are included in this partnership. By partnering with other countries, tackling these groups of people becomes easier.

Transnational crime is a growing problem. Transnational crime is defined as “self-perpetuating associations of individuals who operate transnational for the purpose of obtaining power, influence, monetary and/or commercial gains, wholly or in part by illegal means, while protecting their activities through a pattern of corruption and/ or violence, or while protecting their illegal activities through a transnational structure and the exploitation of transnational commerce or communication mechanisms.” (National Security Council, n.d.) . Transnational crimes are known under other names such as cross-national crime, global crime, international crime, and