HPLC And Analytical Techniques

In this lab, paper chromatography will be used to separate the components of known and unknown mixtures and then used to identify those components. Paper chromatography is a technique where a drop of solution containing a mixture will be placed on a piece of filter paper. One end of the filter paper will then be placed into a liquid solvent. The mixture will separate into its different components as the solvent moves up the filter paper. The filter paper is known as the stationary phase. The solvent is known as the mobile phase because it uses capillary action to move up the paper. The mixture will be separated into its different components because each component will have a unique chemical affinity for the paper and for the solvent. Theses

Which one of the statements concerning valence bond (VB) and molecular orbital (MO) bond theories is correct?

Pharmacodynamics is frequently defined as the education of what a drug does to the body; this encompasses receptor binding, post receptor effects, and chemical exchanges

Introduction Thin-layer chromatography, also known as TLC, is a principle that describes how various compounds travel multiple distances when placed as a thin layer on a plate. TLC is a technique that can be used to determine how many components are in a mixture. TLC can also be used to determine a specific compound in a mixture. After performing TLC, the retention factor (Rf) can be used to determine a specific compound in a mixture. The retention factor (Rf) is During TLC, there is a step called elution.

Brianda Mendez Lab 05 Report Introduction: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a very commonly used technique in synthetic chemistry for identifying compounds, determining their purity and following the progress of a reaction. Thin-layer chromatography or TLC, is a solid-liquid form of chromatography, it involves the distribution between two phases. The stationary phase is a polar adsorbent, it is coated on a glass slide or plastic sheet creating a thin layer of the particular stationary phase. The mobile phase, a liquid or a gas flows through the stationary phase and carries the components of the mixture with it.

My study of chemistry has further increased my interest in becoming a pharmacist. I am very keen on how the medicine works and also how to use them. I am very interested about chemistry the skills I will gain in this area will give me a better understanding of the chemistry of making medicine.

The purpose is to develop an initial hypothesis after first run of TLC experiment of the unknown. The unknown solvent is used to indicate the component in the unknown. The unknown solvent was tested with 5 standards: aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, salicylamide, and caffeine absorbed the solvent of 200:1 solution of ethyl acetate. Based on the observation and calculate the retention factor for each standard to determine the possible components contain in the unknown.

Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures of substances into their components^2. It can be used to various activities such as separating different pigment of dyes and inks all the way to analyzing DNA sequences.

They each have their own advantages and disadvantages. For example, extraction is a relatively simple process with controlled recovery and a large range of selectivity and flexibility. However, emulsion can hamper the results, making it less accurate and efficient due to compound loss. The three types of chromatography that were cover in lab each have their own pros and cons as well. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is beneficial in that it is also requires a simple set up. It is also a a relatively quick and sensitive process. Furthermore, the components that are separated in the process can be recovered by scratching the coating on the top of the plate. Some of the disadvantages of TLC come from the fact that the plate length works as a limiter, only being able to separate to the maximum length of the plate. This separation also happens in an open system which brings room for error do to conditions such as humidity and temperature effecting the process of separation. Gas chromatography (GC) shares in the fact that it is relatively quick and it is also highly sensitive. It is also useful in that it gives fully quantitative results. One of the main disadvantages of GC is that it only works with volatile substances that will vaporize within the inlet. For this reason, things such as sugars cannot be used. Also, it can

     Conventional Liquid Chromatography is most commonly used in preparative scale work to purify and isolate some components of a mixture. It’s also used in ultra trace separations where small disposable columns are used once and then discarded. Analytical separations of solutions for detection or quantification typically use more sophisticated high-pressure liquid chromatography instruments.

Retention time is the time required to elute a solute to a maximum from a column. It indicate how long it takes for a chemical compound to come out of the HPLC column. In HPLC chromatography, the polar solvent will be attracted to a polar solute that bound to the stationary phase. The polar solvent compete with stationary phase for the bound state. Therefore, the higher the polarity of the solute, the more easily it being affected by the solvent.

Chromatography can be defined as a series of steps used to identify, analyze and separate compound. It is a method used to obtain components from a non-volatile mixture (Preethi, Harita & Rajesh, 2017). There are various types of chromatography separations methods. These include: column, gas, supercritical fluid chromatography and Thin layer chromatography. All these separation techniques operate under the same procedure;

These data are used on anticipated manner that scientist will able to compare pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetics at the stages of drug development for efficacy and/or safety evaluation. With the help of preclinical data, researcher able to assess the safety of the product for initial testing in human.

Chromatography Investigation Chromatography is a highly regarded technique used to separate the components of a mixture. It is based on the principle that each component possesses a unique affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The components that are more inclined to enter the mobile phase will migrate further on the chromatogram and distinguish themselves from the other components. The type of solvent used in chromatography is known to directly affect the separation of the mixture. In this experiment, thin-layer and column chromatography will be utilized to separate the numerous chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments of a spinach extract.

Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be defined as man-made, natural, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biomedical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ or organism. More specifically it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. It’s substances have medicinal properties and are called pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, drug designs and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signals transduction/cellular communication, interactions, toxicology, chemical biology as well as a few more.