HPV Case Study

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a double stranded DNA virus. There are many genotypes HPV and some of them are oncogenic. They have envelope proteins E6 and E7 on their cell wall which are associated to initiate cancer. Anogenital lesions associated to HPV are divided into ‘low-risk’ types (6, 11, 34, 40, 42, and 43) and ‘high risk’ types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69, 73, and 82). Most of the low risk HPV infections are asymptomatic and are not fatal, however infection to high risk HPV such as type 16 and 18 may cause cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar and penile cancer (Centre of Disease Control, 2012). Low risk HPV generally cause warts on the skin surface which rarely develop into malignancy. Type 16 and 18 both were originally isolated from cervical carcinomas of human body. More than 70% of human cervical is due to the infection of either HPV 16 or 18. According to CDC, in 2008 it was estimated 11,070 cases of cervical cancer in United States and about 3,870 deaths due to cervical cancer. Higher percentage of HPV persistent infection occurs by HPV-16 and the risk of getting cervical cancer due the progression of disease is higher for HPV 16 and 18 and 45 (Tino F. Schwarz, 2008).

In this discussion, the research of the websites that align with Rite Aid and Walgreens Boots Alliance will be evaluated by its effectiveness of each website as it relates to their association with these organizations. In addition, we will identify specific areas where those websites could better serve your needs. In this discussion, we learn how Rite Aid brand Daylogic works well with Johnson and Johnson Neutrogena, and how Walgreens elicits a response from consumers (Nassar, 2007).

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world. It's also one of the most feared, due to mounting evidence showing links between HPV and cancers of the cervix, throat, anus, and penis.

Different forms of sex including vaginal, oral, and anal cause HPV. “In humans these sexually transmitted strains can cause genital warts, precancerous changes in the tissues of the female vagina, or cervical cancer”

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus commonly called as HPV has been known to cause genital infections in males and females. It is a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family and one of the most common virus that are known to cause tumors. There are about more than 120 different viruses but only about 40 of them are transmitted sexually. HPVs usually infect the mucosal membranes and different sites in the body like skin, mouth, throat and genitals.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a group of more than 200 related viruses. More than 40 HPV types can be easily spread through direct sexual contact, from the skin and mucous membranes of infected people to the skin and mucous membranes of their partners. They can be spread by vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Other HPV types are responsible for non-genital warts, which are not sexually transmitted. High-risk HPV types cause approximately 5 percent of all cancers worldwide. In the United States, high-risk HPV types cause approximately 3 percent of all cancer cases among women and 2 percent of all cancer cases among men. High-risk HPVs cause several types of cancer: cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, anal cancer, penile

Human Papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted disease that infects over twenty million Americans each year (Vanslyke, Baum, Plaza, Otero, Wheeler, Helizter, 2008, P. 584). Many of these people do not realize that they are infected because they do not show any symptoms. Even though HPV has been talked about for decades, it is only until recent years that the topic has become part of mainstream women’s health issues. Not only that, many of these people are women who do not understand the importance of testing for HPV. HPV is one of the leading causes of cervical cancer among women.

Did you know there is more of a link between cervical cancer and HPV than smoking and lung cancer? Cervical cancer is currently the fourth most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of death from cancer in women. Along with those statistics, human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted viral disease amongst men and women worldwide. The prevalence of women having a strain of HPV that ultimately leads to or increases the chance of cervical cancer is highly relatable. What is pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, prevention, and treatments of this ailment? You might ask will be covered in the next few pages of this paper.

HPV-associated anal and oral cancers are increasing. The reason is still unclear although sexual behavior changes in the general population are postulated as one of the factors. The incidence is drastically higher in specific risk groups, such as men who have sex with men, and HIV-1 infected individuals. Interestingly, anal cancer is predominant in women while a higher incidence of oral cancer is found in men. This review gives a brief summary of epidemic, risk factors, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of these two HPV-associated cancers.

HPV is also known to cause cancer. It is common for a woman who has the HPV virus to develop cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is very serious and it is very hard to treat. Most women who have this cancer do not find out until it is advanced because symptoms do not show up until the later stages (CDC). The rate of survival for cervical cancer varies based on the stage it is in. Once the cancer has metastasized then the rate of survival is less than 17 percent (NCI). Cancer may also develop in other areas of the genitals as

Approximately 95% of cases are the result of HPV. Other cancer types caused by HPV are penile, vulvar, and vaginal. Roughly half of these cases are caused by the virus. Mostly when a person has HPV, it will subside after a couple years. Around 5% of the time, a person can go on to develop cancer. With 10% of women having HPV, regardless of them knowing it or not, 1 out of every 200 infected women can develop a cancer.

Although there are several known risk factors for getting cervical cancer, no one knows exactly why one woman gets it and another doesn't. One of the most important risk factors for cervical cancer is infection with a virus called HPV (human papillomavirus). HPV is a sexually transmitted disease that is incredibly common in the population, one study showed that 43% of college age women were infected in a 3-year period. HPV is the virus that causes genital warts, but having genital warts doesn't necessarily mean you are going to get cervical cancer. There are different subtypes, or strains, of HPV. Only certain subtypes are likely to cause cervical cancer, and the subtypes that cause warts are unlikely to cause a cancer. Often, infection with HPV causes no symptoms at all, until a woman develops a pre-cancerous lesion mostly of the cervix. Because infection with a STD is a risk factor for cervical cancer, any risk factors for developing STD are also risk factors for developing cervical cancer. Women who have had many or several male sexual partners, having sexual intercourse at an early age, or have had male sexual partners who are considered high risk (meaning that they have had several sexual partners and/or began having sexual intercourse at an early age) are at higher risks for developing Cervical

More than half of sexually active people become infected with HPV at some point in their lives and whilst most will clear this infection naturally within two years, HPV can cause pre-cancerous cancer cells, which if undetected can develop into cervical cancer over time. In fact, the HPV strains 18 and 16 are the cause of over 70% of cervical cancers cases in women, with over 99% of patients with cervical cancer also having an HPV infection.

Our society would not survive in the 21st century without the help of electronic surveillance. Safety is one of the main purposes of electronic surveillance. Safety is the state of being secure and free from danger of any sort. Today, many would rather give up their privacy for safety (Smithsimon). In fact, surveillance gadgets such as cameras, radio tracking chips and house alarms are used in many places to ensure safety. For instance, a parent can easily place a hidden camera in a stuffed animal in order to see how the babysitter handles his or her child (Public Places Have Eyes). Cameras are also used to ensure safety on school premises. According to the GCC College Safety website, "the college has an extensive system of surveillance

Amidst the past several decades technology has become a crucial organ, advancing our world to great discoveries and knowledge. It has opened doors to what some may have found impossible only one hundred years ago, but the progress of technology seems to have run into a road block. Inadequate education of high school graduates and suffocation of creativity has become a problem all over America. Technology has contributed by hindering our ability to retain information, stalling progression in our school system and progressing in technology.