HPV Vaccination Report

HPV vaccination is the most common used method for preventing cervical cancer in young girls ranging from age nine to eleven years old. The overall perception of the vaccine is positive by the public because of its wide use and support by state laws, school systems and medical associations. According to the American Pediatric Association the vaccine has an excellent safety record. (Nirvi,1) A reasonable amount of parents still feel skeptical about mandatory HPV vaccination on their kids and lack great knowledge regarding the vaccine’s effectiveness.

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of more than 40 types of viruses that infect the genital areas, throats (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), and mouths of males and females and is the number one most common sexually transmitted disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2009). It is spread by genital contact. It is most easily spread by vaginal and anal sex, but also through oral sex and even just genital-to-genital (skin-to-skin). In 90% of people that contract HPV, their own immune system

The human papillomavirus remains one of the highest common sexually transmitted infections in the United States. The human papillomavirus dates back to the nineteen hundreds. Scientists during the nineteen hundreds did not comprehend on why people who had sexually transmitted infections also had cancer. It was not until the nineteen-eighties, that a scientist discovered that the human papilloma virus caused cancer (Preventing Cervical Cancer). Moreover the human papillomavirus causes genital warts in both men and women. In the year two thousand and six, a scientist generated two vaccines that protect the human body from contracting the virus. The Food and Drug Administration approved Gardasil and Cervarix since they are clinically tested

HPV vaccinations have been an ongoing debate; whether the vaccine is worth being administered to young girls is the fundamental question and if so at what cost. The primary reason I selected this topic is that HPV is a common virus complicated and often misunderstood infection; nearly 80 million people, about one in four are currently infected in the United States.

Cases show that over 4,000 people die from a cancer caused by HPV every year. This HPV vaccine is virtually 100% effective in preventing the lesions, which in turn prevents most cervical cancers caused by HPV. This vaccine is said to mirror the Hepatitis B vaccine which can last up to thirty years! The vaccine is also very safe. Case studies have been done on over one million women, and no one has come through with any side effects. This vaccine doesn’t prevent you from all sexually transmitted diseases, and it also isn’t sure to prevent you from all types of Human Papillomaviruses, just the ones that are more likely to cause cervical

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted disease that infects the ano-genital tract of both males and females (Rubin, Kuttab, Rihani, & Reutzel, 2012, p. 1145). “A substantial burden of cancers and anogenital warts are attributable to HPV in the United States: in 2009, an estimated 34,788 new HPV-associated cancers and approximately 355,000 new cases of anogenital warts were associated with HPV infection” (CDC, 2015). The Gardasil quadrivalent vaccine was created to prevent the transmission of HPV. This vaccination is usually administered to adolescents between 11-12 years old and is a three dose series given over the course of six months. As a result of the extended vaccine period many patients are not completing the

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the causative operator of cervical disease, which is a standout amongst the most unmistakable tumors in ladies. HPV is a sexually transmitted malady that can influence both men and ladies. The immunizer discovery systems uncovered that the greater part of the ladies (those that are sexually dynamic) worldwide and roughly 70% of the sexually dynamic ladies of US populace have been presented to the papilloma infection sooner or later in time. The African area is having the most astounding rate of commonness with an expected number of 379153 cases amid the year 2000.

The advent of new human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines with the potential to prevent the majority of cases of invasive cervical cancer presents a remarkable public health achievement (Markowitz et al., 2007). This is because cervical cancer is the commonest female cancer worldwide and it has been associated with HPV infection (Franceschi et al., 2009). In just 2015, there will be 12,900 new cases of cervical cancer in the United States with 4,100 estimated deaths (Siegel, Miller, & Jemel, 2015).

HPV works like all other viruses, the virus inserts its DNA into the cell and the cell begins to produce the protein that the virus encodes. HPV attacks epithelial cells, epithelial cells are what make up the outside layer of skin on the body, including the cervix. In types 16 and 18 the creation of HPV proteins interferes with the cell’s ability to prevent excessive growth. The cell grows uncontrollably and does not die. This excessive growth is manifested as a precancerous

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viral infections in the United States. There are nearly 1 out of 4 women who have been diagnosed with HPV (CDC, 2015). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that at least 80% of women acquire a genital HPV infection by the age of 50 (CDC, 2015). HPV is an important topic that needs to be discussed because it has been estimated that 6.2 million cases of HPV has been reported (CDC, 2015). HPV is one third of all new sexual transmitted infections (CDC, 2015).

Our laboratory has developed the mucosal MmuPV1 infection mouse model recently and noninvasive methods to track the infection from oral and anogenital canals longitudinally [14]. Our long term goal is to use this model to explore many unanswered questions regarding viral-host interaction during papillomavirus infection. Innate immunity, a critical part of host defense system, is not only the first line of defense against pathogens, but is also critical for stimulating adaptive immune responses in viral infection [15-22]. Other host defense factors including interferons, Toll-like receptors, cytokines and defensins all play an important role in papillomavirus persistence and progression [23-31]. However, some findings in human studies are inconsistent

HPV also known as human papillomavirus which is an infectious disease. It is a fact that infectious diseases no longer the leading cause of death and has been replaced by chronic disease as the leading cause of death. Two antibodies have market regard in numerous nations starting called Gardasil and Cervix in the US and this essay will analyze all there is to HPV, risks associated with requiring the HPV vaccine in public schools and more.

Human papillomavirus, otherwise known as HPV, is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in North America (Dell et al. 2000; Gross 2014). Awareness of human papillomavirus is rather low and is often overshadowed by infections with much more noticeable symptoms such as gonorrhea and syphilis. The disease is usually associated with women due to its association with cervical cancer (Dell et al. 2000), and men are often overlooked. However, males are at risk just as much as females. There is plenty of evidence showing that human papillomavirus has detrimental effects to male health, yet females are usually the ones tested for the disease and are vaccinated. With today’s advancements in medicine, vaccinations should be administered to everyone to vastly reduce the prevalence of human papillomavirus, yet it is the most common STI. If males were vaccinated as much as females, highly preventable effects of human papillomavirus would diminish amongst the world population. Worldwide governments and public health agencies should fund HPV vaccination for males as well as females.

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease (STD), is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States with about 14 million cases each year. There are two different types of HPV: low-risk and high-risk. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “more than 90 percent and 80 percent, respectively, of sexually active men and women will be infected with at least one type of HPV at some point in their lives. Around one-half of these infections are with a high-risk HPV” (CDC n.p.). High-risk HPV can sometimes cause cancer; however, there is no way of predicting which infected persons could develop cancer or other serious health problems. The most common form of HPV, low-risk, causes warts; this type of HPV goes away on its own in most cases (CDC n.p.). A vaccination, proven to prevent against four major stands of HPV, has recently been developed. The vaccination has led to an enormous amount of controversy regarding whether the vaccination should be mandatory. Although the vaccine is new, it has been proven effective in preventing HPV and numerous types of cancer caused by HPV; therefore, it should be mandatory in order to protect today’s youth from HPV.

Rationale: During viral infection, most viral pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) stimulate the expression of type I interferons (IFNs), which are the most potent known antiviral factors and are capable of limiting the replication and spread of most viruses (71-73). Type I IFN not only plays an essential role in defense against papillomavirus infection at any stage of the virus life cycle, it also regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immunity (74, 75). Papillomaviruses evade immune surveillance by downregulating the expression of IFNs in host cells (61-63). For example, HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins are found to downregulate the expression