Hacker Culture And Mitigation : Cyber Crime

The learning is a lifelong process (not necessary including formal education) with ultimate purpose of expanding individual opportunity in upward mobility. Educational models have evolved over the years in order to fit the criteria of its time. In the chapter “Project Classroom makeover” Duke University provost Cathy Davidson explores the possible transformation that America's education system needs to undertake in order to meet the challenges of the working place of the digital era. The rise of the hacking culture, that technologies and opportunities of that digital revolution gave birth to, became the driver of the disruption in the learning process that will lead to the end of the

Cyberterrorism is a critical threat and is the most definitive characteristic of the U.S. contemporary security environment. For years, the American people have been victimized by cyber-attacks by having their personal information, emails, credit card, and banking information stolen by an invisible enemy named cyberterrorism. These types of attacks seem insignificant however; they are small examples of the vulnerabilities that our cyber world is experiencing. Our vulnerabilities are leaving our public officials in significant danger from cyber-attacks, as they are vulnerable to such things as the release of personal information and home addresses.

When it gets right down to it, in this technologically advanced world, one of the worst things that can happen to people nowadays is having a cyberattack successfully launched against them. In particular, these cyberattacks are especially catastrophic if the end result is nothing short of a data breach. For everyday citizens, they have to be careful not only because

The fourth spoke on the wheel of terrorism is “computer crime”. The use of computers can be used in a good way or can also be abused. Cyberattacks are a huge threat to our national security and technological infrastructure.

Adam Segal’s “The Hacked World Order” reveals many prevalent issues in today’s technologically centered society. Starting at Year Zero, June 2012 to June 2013, the battle over cyberspace witnessed world-changing cyberattacks. This was accomplished due to the fact that nearly 75% of the world’s population has easy access to a mobile phone, and the Internet connects nearly 40% of the total human population, which is nearly 2.7 billion people. With that being said, cyberattacks are becoming a more realistic form of terror.

Target Corporation was founded in 1962 and employs 366,000 people as of 2014 nationwide. The CEO of the corporation is Gregg Steinhafel and the company primarily operates in Canada and the United States of America. The Target tradition is an implicit culture that always carried with it more than just a bag of technical tricks. Target transmitted a set of values that radiated beauty and good design when it pertains to sales in the retail market. Target was referred to as one of the giant in the retail industry. An online magazine talks about Target reputation by stating that this retail store is among the most recognized retailers in the United States, with both a symbol (bull’s eyes), store mascot (bulldog) and store color (red) that most consumers identify with without even saying or seeing the Target name (Leinbach-Reyhle, 2014). The reputation of target far precedes its name in all of the United States of America. Target retail stores stands out because of its utmost customer service and its willingness to create an in store experience that encourages you to spend money and keep coming back to spend. Target aims at providing discounted items to customers has contributed immensely to its long role of success for many years. Overall the net worth of net as at 2013 was estimated that the company made $72.6 billion in 2013. No wonder hackers knew Target was “a juicy fruit to suck”. The amount of revenue generated by

Former counsel to the National Security Agency, Joel Brenner, said, “The Internet was not built for security, yet we have made it the backbone of virtually all private sector and government operations, as well as communications” (Lee, Anderson, & Connolly, 2014, p. 9). He continued and said it has brought with it dramatic gains, but it has created excessive vulnerabilities (p. 9). It is the feeling across the world that people’s identities and business will constantly be under attack. The evidence of the Stuxnet worm is an indicator that there are attacks occurring at the nation-state level, and it is increasing in disruption and destruction. It is anticipated that a major cyber attack will cause widespread harm to security at the national level, and will cause risks in people’s ability to defend themselves. By 2025, people anticipate there will be widespread use of cyber terrorism and threats (p. 9).

Cyber Crime is described as criminal activity committed via use of electronic communications with respect to cyber fraud or identity theft through phishing and spoofing. There are many other forms of cyber-crime also such as harassment, pornography etc. via use of information technology.

Prime examples of the celebrity leaked photo scandals include “Jennifer Lawrence, Kate Upton, Anna Kendrick, Christina Hendricks”2, who all fell prey to hackers, who gained access to the celebrities’ iCloud accounts. Unfortunately, these individuals will not be able to regain the privacy they once had. The information that was shared amongst the world’s internet users and is now permanently available. The victims did, however, receive closure as the Federal Bureau of Investigation narrowed down the heinous act to two households in Chicago2. The problems clearly displayed by this act are the false trust American society places in technology and the fact cyber-crime is a reaction based crime, meaning that unless it is predicted, nothing can be done other than to react once the violation has occurred. This raises the question of how are individuals to establish security so that there is crime prevention rather than damage control after the crime has occurred?

Cyber-attacks are common in the defense industry, but in January 2010, a sophisticated, advanced persistent threat hacked into the commercial sector forever changing the face of cyber security. Dubbed “Operation Aurora” by McAfee, the attack targeted specific high profile corporations to obtain valuable intellectual property. Google, Yahoo, Juniper Networks and Adobe Systems were also among the victims of this highly coordinated cyber heist. By manipulating computer codes the attackers were able to exploit the Microsoft Internet Explorer vulnerabilities to gain access and obtain valuable sensitive information from over thirty high profile companies. Operation Aurora proves that the world is entering into a high-risk era where

Cyber crime is defined as any crime that involves a computer and network. Individuals, businesses and government agencies around the world constantly face threats to their medical information, consumer data, as well as company trade information and military decisions. Cyber security specialists are professionals that are specifically trained to protect individuals and organizations from cyber crime, hackers and scammers.

    Abstract: This paper investigates and substantiates the potential for hackers to cause damage in the physical world. A fictional case study is provided along with an analysis of past, present, and future technological threats. The combination of a historic apathy towards computer security and an increased reliance on technology may soon lead to a real-world "cybercatastrophe".

Yesterday’s simple attacks that caused containable damage have given way to modern cybercrime operations that are sophisticated, well-funded, and capable of causing major disruption to organizations (Oliver, 2014).

A few decades ago, the term ‘hacker’ and ‘hacking’ were known only to a relatively small number of people, mainly those in the technically specialized world of computing. Today they have become ‘common knowledge’, something with which most people are familiar, if only through hearsay and exposure to mass media and popular culture accounts. Due to this pop culture element there is often misunderstanding among masses who identify every other kind of cybercrime as ‘hacking’. Improper representation of hackers and hacking activities in movies, TV shows, and sometimes in mainstream media is responsible for this misunderstanding. The public discourse on hacking appears to evoke fear and fascination in equal measure. At one hand, media exaggerate degree of threat or danger that the activity carries. On the other, they exhibit considerable ambivalence to produce a kind of admiration.

Cybercrime or sometimes called computer crime is basically not a newly develop form of fault except for the fact that it has evolved itself over time by including newer and riskier modes of committing the crime often for money or may be accompanied by the most simple way to commit the crime, by theft. Cyber crime has its operations spread in a variety of arenas be it white collar crime, economic crime, telecommunication, intellectual property infringement, etc. information technology is the key player which assures the completion of such a crime.