Who To Blame For Hacking The AIS?

when things go wrong with AI. Some may want to blame the software, even the owner, but who is the blame? The way

For this final paper, I would like to discuss the historical failures that came into light when Mr. Clifford Stoll (the author of “Cuckoo’s Egg: Tracking a spy through the Maze of Computer Espionage” book) stumbled upon a $ 0.75 accounting error and the revelations that followed, its potential findings, risks and costs associated and why it is important to address and fix those security holes. Cuckoo’s Egg is an interesting read and the author was successful in presenting to his readers the picture of beginning of Internet days (arpanet, then), network practices then. Despite of the fact that this book describes a real incident that in 1980’s, some of the findings are relevant and torment us even today.

It is the responsibility of the management to hold secure the data and information that they hold on behalf of the clients that they host. This attack was particularly worrying since the corporation is entrusted with highly sensitive government data and the wealth of the American government military information which it should protect from intrusion from external sources. There are also valuable projects for the organization that it protects like

Data breaches like these have serious implications for the business operations and could even lead to the collapse of the whole system, where the law is applicable the Company’s systems are put under supervision to make sure they meet the newest regulation for financial data protection and regular auditing to make sure the system is stable and secure.

In the current society, business, organizations and government are very dependent on computers and Internet. Adequately protecting an organization 's information assets is a requisite issue. Many organizations have deployed security software or devices, such as firewalls or intrusion detection systems, to help protect their information assets and to quickly identify potential attacks. IBM Systems Journal states that "some organizations came to realize that one of the best ways to evaluate the intruder threat to their interests would be to have independent computer security professionals attempt to hack into their computer systems" (IBM 2001). This might be a good way to evaluate the system vulnerability. However, to allow a penetration test team break into their systems, the organization may have faces some risks. For example, the penetration test team may fail to identify significant vulnerabilities; sensitive security information may be disclosed, increasing the risk of the organizations being vulnerable to external attacks (The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants). Some organization even send their system administrator to be trained Ethical Hacking as a career course in Tertiary

This report was due to the leak of classified document by Edward Joseph Snowden, a former contractor for the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) and former worker of the NSA (National Security Agency) through subcontractor Booz Allen Hamilton, a tech consulting firm. Based in the NSA's Oahu office, Edward Snowden was a system administrator as described by intelligence officials. As a system administrator, Snowden action of whistle blowing can be analyzed from different angle with different perspective. The impact of his act on the intelligence gathering itself was devastating. According to Keith Alexander, former NSA director, what Snowden has uncovered has brought about irreversible and noteworthy harm to the United States and its allies (Ackerman and Rushe, 2013). By discussing the harm caused by Snowden leaking the classified documents, we will be evaluating the damage that can be caused by unethical act done by a system administrator. Later on, the impact and reform that Snowden whistle blowing brought to system administration will be

4. Security Awareness: A large percentage of successful attacks do not necessarily exploit technical vulnerabilities. Instead they rely on social engineering and people’s willingness to trust others. There are two extremes: either employees in an organization totally mistrust each other to such an extent that the sharing of data or information is nil; or, at the other end of the scale, you have total trust between all employees. In organizations neither approach is desirable. There has to be an element of trust throughout an organization but checks and balances are just as

Within Seth Baum and Trevor White’s article “When robots kill,” Baum and White discuss the potential consequences of artificial intelligence and automated robots following an incident where a factory worker at a Volkswagen plant in Germany was grabbed by a robot worker and crushed to death. The growing number of vital tasks being assigned to autonomous robots increases the chances for a catastrophic incident to occur as a result of a system malfunctioning or being hacked. In the Volkswagen case involving the worker who was grabbed by a robot and crushed to death, questions of liability are being raised relating to the malfunctioning of autonomous robots and machines. Baum and White mention that it is hard to assign blame when there are so

However, with cybercrime, they could be scapegoats and may be innocent. It’s not clear which company did the hacking. The company can either stand with the two stakeholders at the expense of supposed virtues, or it can turn them in to be investigated further even though the information leading to them is insufficient.

The use of information technology in business presents major security challenges, poses serious ethical question, and affects society in significant ways. Especially, the computer crime is a growing threat to society and is caused by the criminal or irresponsible actions of individuals who are taking advantage of the widespread use and vulnerability of computers and the Internet and other networks. It presents a major challenge to the integrity, safety, and survival of most business systems.

The potential impact of holding the company liable wherever there is a data theft occurrence in the organization would be the high cost of

Companies and Corporations are also at risk from insider threats. A careless or disgruntled employee is capable of divulging confidential or secrete information, faster than any outside threat or hacker, if

Prevalent to the current trend now is the dependency of the society on Information technology and communication systems. Every aspect of human life is one way or the other linked and controlled by information technology tools. The importance of information technology cannot be over emphasized as its unavailability could lead to a form of disaster or the other. Pivotal infrastructures like finance, healthcare, education and security are driven by information technology. However, information technology and its benefits are accompanied by vulnerabilities and risks that can be exploited by people with the necessary technical skills. Individuals like ‘Hackers’ and ‘Cyber Terrorist’ can cause disruption to information systems, commit financial fraud and also attack computers and networks. These attacks and disruptions could result to violence against people and properties. In some cases, death, serious injuries and severe economic loss could occur as a result of these attacks.

It is important to note that whether an attack is perpetrated by a hacker group, other corporations or individuals, organizations must always prepare adequately through intrusion detection and prevention systems in place. Data breaches can have very devastating business and social impact to large businesses and their customers – the users. For instance, were Cloudflare attacked by a competing company, their trade secrets could have given the opponents ammunition to take them out of the field. In addition, lost data could influence criminal activity if for instance particular client information, for

Companies can also be held liable for negligent entrustment, where personally identifiable information is outsourced to an insecure back-office operation (Rustad, 2007). Companies are held legally responsible for direct liability for facilitating or paving the way for cybercrime by direct negligence. Liability centers on the organizations with the direct liability to consumers and businesses. US companies have an independent duty of care to ensure third world back-office operations comply with reasonable data security standards. The US also has international standards for protection of intellectual property.