Hadar Ethiopia Essay

The story of the Lost Boys of Sudan is one that provides the world with many examples of social interaction, some being violent and others being inspirational. Their journey from Sudan to Ethiopia and Kenya, then on to the United States for a better life for themselves and their families gives an insight into how certain cultures deal with and overcome adversity. Culture is the complex system of meaning and behavior that defines the way of life for a given group or society, in the case of the Lost Boys, the culture of the people of Sudan and the American society are analyzed. How the boys were able to continue on without their families to show them the way is almost a miracle. Over outstanding odds, the boys were able to prevail and

This shows that civilization started in Africa. As much as Europeans try and take everything from us Africans and rewrite our history as far as the Christopher Columbus era, it does not matter because artifacts shows that everything was started in Africa. We use ways of knowing to prove that between the bones found in Africa there was civilization in ancient Africa. “Experiential Kin is when you grow up with someone, even though your not blood family that’s your cousin. You don’t have aunts or uncles like in America. You have the nucleus family then the extended family.” This is the reason villages were so important in the uprising of Africa.

1. How did geography influence the development of Egypt? The nile was a big influence on Egypt’s geography.

I am interested in this topic because it is intriguing to me to learn about a new hominid species.

After reviewing the evidence, I believe that Dr. Donald Johanson is correct in his theory that Lucy is the missing link between ape and man. The anatomy of Lucy supports Johanson’s claim. The knee joint of Lucy had an outward slanting angle away from the knee just like humans. Lucy reconstructed pelvis with its short and curved ilium indicates bipedal human qualities. Unlike the Piltdown man, Lucy stood the test of time, Johanson’s fossils through potassium argon dating was found to be at least 3-million-years-old proving the integrity of Johanson’s find. Similar archeological finds also validate Lucy. The 1976 Laetoli footprints support the theory that there were hominids walking upright during the time of Lucy. In 1924, Raymond discovered the Tuang child in South Africa, it displays similar qualities of Lucy, small brain and bipedal abilities. Additional finds by Robert Broom, Richard Leakey, and many other creditable paleoanthropologists further prove Johanson correct.

A dinosaur skull discovered in African gives a slight indication about Africa's past. A discovery has been made that a fossil skull of a dinosaur has been encountered and has had to live about 95 million years ago and it was 30 feet long. It was called the Rugops primus, Which means " first wrinkled face ".

Apart from “Lucy”, there have been hundreds if not thousands of human fossils found. Archaeologists could tell by the Homo Erectus fossils found that this species of hominids had a brain larger than any of its ancestors, was robust, and possibly the smartest species of its time. Some interesting evidence found to support this claim span from South Africa, North America, and even Asia. There has been traces of ash found in the Wonderwerk Cave of South Africa dating back to about 1 million years ago, including traces of fire similar to traces found in Israel dating back as far as 800,000 years ago. Later, there were also ancient stone tools and hand axes discovered in caves located in China, suggesting that the people inhabiting the area were hunters or created these objects to cut some type of tough material.

Ardipithecus Ramidus was discovered in the 1990’s. It is believed to be one of the earliest of our ancestors discovered yet, dating back to almost 4.4 million years ago. 24 years ago, between 1992-1993 hundreds of fossils were recovered in Ethiopia. According to Dorey (2015) “The finds number over 110 specimens and represent about 35 individual members of this species. Most of the remains are dental, but some skull and limb bones were also found.” “Ardipithecus is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during Late Miocene and Early Pliocene in Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Originally described as one of the earliest ancestors of humans after they diverged from the main ape lineage, the relation of this genus to human ancestors and whether it is a hominin is now a matter of debate.” (Ardipithecus ramidus 2015)

ramidus is native to Ethiopia, dated 4.4-5.8 million years ago. Two contrasting hypotheses may offer some insight as to why A. ramidus is thought to be bipedal but still considered arboreal . One, the savanna hypothesis, conjures the idea that “...the rise of African dry savanna…” (Potts, 1998, 107:93-136) sparked the evolutionary transition to bipedalism and tool-making within some hominins. The other theory, the woodland/forest hypothesis, suggests “...Pliocene hominins had evolved in and were primarily attracted to closed habitats” (Potts, 1998, 107:93-136), such as the forest habitat of A. ramidus. Both may be applicable to A. ramidus, considering her lower-half could support the savanna hypothesis, while her upper-half supports the woodland/forest hypothesis.

The Homo erectus fossils were first discovered in October 1891 on the island of Java, Indonesia by Dutch anatomist named Eugene Dubois during his research in finding more fossils he named “the missing link.” Initially, Dubois found a petrified skullcap “with a cranial capacity of slightly over 900 cm” by the Solo River, nearby the town of Trinil; and then, in 1892, a human femur unearthed 15 yards away from where he discovered the skullcap and so, Dubois presumed and claimed that both skullcap and femur pertain to the same individual and named it Pithecanthropus erectus. Based on the study of Javanese geology, the fossils of all Javanese Homo erectus have derived from the eastern part of the island, and so, most of the fossils belong to Early

“The Lost Boys of Sudan; the Long, Long, Long Road to Fargo” by Sara Corbett, The New York Times April 1, 2001.

Just like Axum, Aksum was found in Northern Ethiopia. It was the core of Arabia, Africa, and Greco Roman. Due to this, it was a great place for routes to trade. The ancient Aksumite Civilization ruins concealed a large area in the Tigray Plateau. The royal tombs, monolithic obelisks, and the palace were the most impressive monuments. They originated from the 6th and 7th centuries AD.

The first fossil was found in 1960 when a team led by scientists Louis and Mary Leakey uncovered the fossilized remains of a unique early human at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania.

130,000 years of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic change in East Africa: An evaluation of the status of our understanding

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), is probably the most ancient oilseed known and used by man (Weiss, 1983). The cultivated sesame belongs to order Tubiflorae, family Pedaliaceae; about thirty-seven species have been described in to the genus sesamum, but only Sesamum indicum has been recognized as a cultivated species (Getinet et al. 1998). Even though the origin of sesame is still in debate, Mehra (1967) and Mahajan (2007) considered Ethiopia as the origin of cultivated sesame. Bedigian (1981) argues that, owing to the wide genetic diversity in East Africa (Ethiopia), it is reasonable to assume that this subcontinent is the primary center of origin and India would then be thought of as a secondary center for sesame. Sesame seed, also known as