Hadrian's Wall: A Very Brief History Of Scotland

During the Warring States Period more walls were built to defend the borders of the different kingdoms. Qin Shi Huang united the various parts into one empire and had all the walls joined up to defend off the invasions from northern invaders.

On a broader scale, however, Han China and Imperial Rome had much difficulty managing their empires and protecting their borders from attack. Some causes of problems for both civilizations arose from very long borders that were far away from the capital and slow communication, which meant that notice of attacks on the borders could take days or weeks to reach the capital before help could be deployed. To address this, both civilizations built walls to protect their borders, such as Hadrian’s Wall in central England and the Great Wall of China in Western China, and they also stationed small garrisons at outposts to protect against wandering marauders. However, this action led to an economic depression in both empires because of the high cost of maintaining the outposts and barriers. Both Rome and China had an effective way of managing their growing empires initially, but as they continued to expand it eventually contributed to their downfall.

Ian Mortimer uses his book The Time Traveler’s Guide to Medieval England: A Handbook for Visitors to the Fourteenth Century to describe how one might live in the fourteenth century. This book covers a wide range of topics from what one might see and smell when approaching a city, to what one might wear, to how to stay alive. Mortimer’s clever use of a travel guide inspired book lends itself to a much wider audience. The evidence presented in this book is both engaging and intriguing, and provides easy reading for academics and non-academics both.

In 1547 an English invasion led to the military occupation of the country. By 1548, the Scottish were actively seeking French aid and betrothed their young queen to the French dauphin Francis, the son of Henry II, on the condition that Henry send an army to Scotland to drive the

Crucial to protecting the empire, the borders the Romans had surrounding them were excellent; whether they be manmade or natural. Hadrian’s Wall was a good example of a manmade border. Issued by Emperor Hadrian in around 122AD, the wall was located in Northern England and was the most fortified wall built by the empire. Hadrian decided that they had conquered enough land, and was afraid that he wouldn’t have full control of the empire if he conquered more land, so this wall was built to keep out the Scottish people and to discontinue further growth of the empire. The Rhine River proved to be an exceptional natural border for the Romans, as

In 1297 Wallace emerged from obscurity, according to legend in retaliation for the murder of his wife or mistress Marion Braidfute, by killing the English Sheriff of Lanark, Sir William Heselrig. King Edward I sent special forces against Wallace. They first met at Stirling Bridge on September 11, 1297 (Wallace- “Wars of Independence”). Wallace defeated the larger English force, which severely weakened the English hold on Scotland. Wallace was then named Guardian of Scotland (Wallace, Guardian of Scotland). After the battle at Stirling Bridge, Wallace launched raids into England. The shock of being defeated at Stirling Bridge rallied the English around King Edward I, who marched north with his army. Wallace destroyed the countryside forcing King Edward I and his army to move deeper and deeper into Scotland (BBC News).

After the end of the civil war, officers of the New Model Army, formed by Cromwell, decided to put Charles on trial. Parliament voted to negotiate with the King in order to come to a peace agreement, but that was met with a fierce rebuke from Cromwell and his army. In order to kill any hope for the King and to prevent any kind of compromise between the King and Parliament, one hundred and eighty members of Parliament were excluded, and forty five were imprisoned for showing resistance. This act of purging was described simply as a coup d'état. (23 Laughland) If the king is truly guilty and hated by his people, Cromwell wouldn’t have needed to perform this despicable action of arresting and barring Parliament members from their seats. At this point, the authority of Parliament that was supported by the Roundheads, over the King’s, has lost all its legality. Parliament became a military tool in the hand of Cromwell and his army. In addition to this, Cromwell’s son-in-law, Henry Ireton, was the one who submitted a request to prosecute the King, which was naturally accepted by the one third of the Parliament left. A court with the name of ‘High Court of Justice’ was formed to be responsible for the King’s trial. (103-104 TURCHETTI)

The Great Wall was built by The Qin and the Han Dynasty. They built The Great Wall to keep out and protect China from the Mongols. The benefits of building The Great Wall of China did not outweigh the costs. In Document B, it showed that tribute was being paid by The Han. The Han was one of the the dynasties who first built The Great Wall. This shows that the benefits did not outweigh the costs because The Han still had tribute to pay to the Xiongnu Mongols and The Han dynasty still had to build and protect The Wall from the Mongols. In Document C, the text indicated that The Qin and The Han dynasties were peasants, and worked on The Great Wall while they got feed a little bit of food and suffered. The Qin and The Han were not treated well

Henry VIII realized that he needed to expand his territory in France, so in 1513 Henry VIII and his troops invaded France. They defeated France, and this battle came to be known as the Battle of the Spurs. At the time of this battle the Scottish invaded England as an attempt to distract Henry VIII from invading France. The Scottish’s attempt failed to get Henry VIII’s attention. Not long after this event, the Scottish were defeated at the Battle of Flodden Field. The battle between England and Scotland went from 1513-1517.

The fight for independence was not simply to challenge Edward I’s overlordship of Scotland. After Balliol’s abdication of the crown in 1296 and his subsequent imprisonment, the country was left to the English administration. The Scot’s continued to fight against the English, however, they were not a united front. The circumstances of Balliol’s ascension to the crown in 1291 had created civil disputes in Scotland. The Great Cause of 1291 had seen seven families attempt to claim the throne. Edward I had been trusted by the Commons of Scotland to make the final decision. The Balliol’s and the Bruce’s had the best claims to the throne, with both families stemming from the daughters of the Earl of Huntingdon, brother of William I. In the end, Edward

When William Wallace lost the battle of Falkirk, he was captured, taken to London and given to King Edward l (King of England at the time). King Edward had William Wallace tortured before finally killing him. He was hung almost until the point of death, drawn to horses, quartered and executed. His four Limbs were sent to the four corners of england and his head was stuck on a pike to warn anyone else not to attack England.

In the movie, Wallace is introduced to the audience as a common man with very humble beginnings whose father was a farmer. He was in fact not the son of a common farmer but the son of a low-level. Wallace first acted in anger against the English when he was insulted by the son of an English governor and proceeded to strike him dead and he began his military career. His military dream to free Scotland started in May 1297 after the murder of Marion Braidfoot who is the historical basis for the character Murron in Braveheart. Wallace won the battle of Stirling; he was kind of disappointed when he remembered that he had to fight the English king. The English king brought his army north. The English army had infantry and archers as well as over 3000 cavalry. The Scottish army was only half the size and had almost no cavalry. The Scottish army lost, Wallace however went into hiding. The film Braveheart makes the audience believe that Wallace went around killing his enemies in Scotland, there is however no historical evidence for this belief. Politics were beginning to change due to the manipulations of Edward I and even England’s enemies wouldn’t offer Wallace any help. After traveling to France, germane and Rome he returns to Scotland after almost years abroad to find out he was betrayed to the English by a Scottish noble named Sir John Menteith and was turned over to the English for a trial. He was then taken to for trial and execution. The film Braveheart is

William Wallace is considered a legend in Scotland. For years, England and Scotland were at war, and behind many of the battles for Scotland’s independence was William Wallace. While the information about him, like any good hero, might be over exaggerated by some historians, what’s true is that he gave the country hope that Scotland could be free from English Tyranny. For years after he died, others took his place in saving Scotland from English rule.

The Bayeux Tapestry was commissioned in 1066 to commemorate Duke William of Normandy's conquest of England. The Bayeux Tapestry, which was finished on 1082 and nearly 70 meters long, is not technically a tapestry. It is actually embroidered wool on – not a woven tapestry. The textile, which is beautifully crafted, begins its story with Edward the Confessor, the Anglo-Saxon king of England, sending Harold, Earl of Wessex, to Normandy. William was supposedly the rightful heir to the throne but after Edward the Confessor died in 1066, Harold seized the crown in an act of betrayal. Upon hearing this, William went to war with Harold to take his crown. In the tapestry, we see the boats being built from newly cut trees, we see the army with the horses

I viewed your presentation. Hadrian’s Wall is fantastic. You could have provided more text or audio to provide information to your audience. I agree with Christopher’s review that he has audio in his presentation, although I have more text in mine. If you provide information about Hadrian’s Wall, such as why Hadrian built it, how the wall was done, and how important the wall was, your audience would get better information.