Haemophilus Influenzae Research Paper

These two factors are related to the red blood cell, so when infection occurs red blood cell the first infected area resulting in the human.” Haemophilus influenzae, also known as H. influenzae, is a common resident of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and, in some instances, of the conjunctivae and genital tract. “(Todar, Kenneth PhD) H influenza is commonly transmitted by direct contact also can be transmitted by being inhaled in the nose, which is the respiratory tract droplets. “The colonizing bacterium invades the mucosa” (Todar, Kenneth PhD) and then enters the bloodstream and spreads to the rest of the body, creating an infection. “The host defenses for H. influenzae include the pathways and antibodies to the PRP capsule.”(Todar, Kenneth PhD). The primary role of the immunity defense is the antibody to the Haemophilus. Since this is the best way to fight this bacteria it makes new born babies low risk for this inflection. The HIB vaccine helps to protect the body by using the antibodies against the POP capsule. When infected with Haemophilus influenza, different children will have different symptoms, the symptoms also depends which part of the human body has been infected. For infection in the the middle ear infection, some of the symptoms are difficulty in sleeping, fever, and a fluid draining from the ears, equilibrium is off, loss of some hearing, ear ache,

Flu season is upon us and influenza has hit our area particularly hard this year. The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs that spread from person to person through sneezing and coughing. The flu can also be spread surfaces when infected people touch surfaces such as door knobs, shopping carts, computer keyboards, countertops, etc. Symptoms of the flu include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Though it can be difficult to avoid the flu entirely, there are things you can do to protect yourself and your household from getting the flu by following these steps at home. Continue these steps daily throughout the flu season.

Every year, many people get influenza all over the world and sometime this disease causes death. Medical care has been improved, but it is difficult to prevent influenza. People get it easily. According to Mortada, during the ful season of 2012 to 2013, the disease has caused 111 deaths (Mortada, 16). We have to prevent ourselves from the disease as much as we can. Otherwise, it would be infect to other people 　including family, friends, classmates, coworkers, and more. To prevent influenza, we must have strong immune system and get vaccinations that are suited for each person.

Usually, Influenza can be treated, and the majority of people who are infected can be cured, but in some cases it can cause the death of some people. Pregnant women and oboe patients are very likely to die if they get infected by influenza. Furthermore, the chance of death increases in patients whose ages are less than 5 years (especially children of age two years), and in adults whose ages are older than 65 years. Chance of death also increase in immune compromised patient, and people who suffer from chronic diseases (2). Sometimes, these patients need to be admitted in the hospital

The influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae are two of the most common pathogens to affect humans; both generally pose no major concern to human life but have the potential to cause catastrophic damage to the lives of susceptible individuals. With many strains of the influenza virus being a constant presence around the world, and S. pneumoniae being a normally harmless commensal bacterium residing in the nasal cavities and upper respiratory tract of healthy individuals , it is likely impossible to quell the spread of either pathogen and so treatments must be found to ensure those with detrimental risk factors are either protected or receive sufficient medical attention in a timely manner in order to prevent irrevocable damage.

Influenza A is a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract that affects all ages. The infection is highest among children and the frequency of serious illness and death is greatest among older adults, over 65 years old. Influenza often is a self-limited disease, subsiding without therapy. It comonly occurs in outbreaks, mainly in the winter months.

Influenza, commonly called "the flu," is an illness caused by RNA viruses that infect the respiratory tract of many animals, birds, and humans. Influenza viruses are found in body fluids such as saliva and mucous and commonly transmitted via tiny, air-born droplets created through sneezing and coughing. Depending on the conditions and temperature of the environment, the Influenza virus can remain infectious for up to one month. Transmission occurs as a new host comes into contact with viruses dispersed into the air or onto surfaces of objects. The main targets of the influenza virus are the columnar epithelial cells of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. HA binds to galactose-bound sialic acid on the surface of host cells. The HA binding

Influenza is one of the most important human respiratory infections and its seasonal recurrence is a major contributor to human morbidity and mortality. Seasonal influenza has an estimated annual attack rate of 10-20%, leading to 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths each year [1]. Throughout history, influenza A has also been the greatest contributor of human pandemics. During the last century, four influenza A pandemics (1918, 1957, 1968 and 2009) caused over 50 million deaths globally, created significant social and economic impact on the human society, and shaped future research and public health policies.

The flu (influenza) is a highly contagious virus that attacks the respiratory system. The flu has three strains, H1N1 strain, H3N2 strain and influenza B strain. The first known case according to UXL Encyclopedia of Diseases and Disorders “The first influenza pandemic that is known to have been global in scale took place in 1850; it started in China and spread across central Asia to Africa and then to Europe where it nearly wiped out the populations of several major cities in southern Italy and Spain”. The number of cases in the U.S. and worldwide is according to www.cdc.gov “There has been 11,965 laboratory-confirmed flu-related hospitalizations.” The number of cases in the US and world wide per year is 3-5 million.

Health Topic: Influenza The disease and which part of the body it affects: Influenza (flu) can affect your whole body. It can affect your eyes with aches behind your eye ball. It can also be felt through the whole body with aches especially in your head lower back and legs, making you feel extremely tired and weak Common symptoms: As well as body aches you can also get symptoms from influenza that include a sudden appearance of a high temperature. The high temperature can give you a dry cough. Then your body starts to ache and you can start to feel weak or really tired. This is when your eyes start to ache and you get the chills from the fever. During these symptoms you may lose your appetite and you can get a runny or stuffy nose as well as

system — your nose, throat, and lungs. It mostly occurs in late fall, winter, and early spring. Influenza, frequently called the flu, affects more than 60 million individuals in the US every year. Influenza and its complications can be deadly. The people at higher risk of developing

Children and people with weakened immune systems may be contagious for a slightly longer time.

Influenza pandemics are caused by type A virus. Influenza A viruses have two specific antigens Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) on their surfaces. Various influenza strains are identified by the combination of their HA and NA antigens. HA protein antigens allow

Influenza A virus (IAV) is thought to have emerged from aquatic birds and bats. It’s peculiar

Background. Haemophilus influenzae, a major pathogen causing respiratory tract infections and meningitis, is becoming increasingly resistant to small spectrum penicillins. Investigating the reasons for this resistance is challenging. Methods. The sequences of the ftsI gene, encoding the transpeptidase domain of penicillin binding protein (PBP) 3, were determined for 44 strains of Haemophilus influenzae with reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. The strains, isolated from children, were analysed for genetic relationship by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results. The sequences have different mutations and were classified into three groups (I (n = 3), II (n = 36, including H. influenzae ATCC 49247), and III (n=5)) on the basis of