Haida Gwaii Research Paper

"The Colonization of North America." In Modern History Sourcebook. April 1999- [cited 17 September 2002] Available from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall.mod/modsbook.html., http://curry.eduschool.virginia.edu.

The film “The Linguists” follows linguists Gregory Anderson and David Harrison on their journey to learn about and document endangered languages in Bolivia, India, Arizona, and Siberia. Through their quest, they are able to interact with some of the few remaining speakers of languages that are near death and they manage to make an impact on how these communities view their heritage language. Focusing on the moribund languages of Siberia and Arizona, it becomes evident that speakers of the heritage language feel a love for the language and the culture it represents, but went through periods of oppression and embarrassment for being speakers of a minority language that ultimately shaped their attitudes on the language.

To complete the paper I will be researching and presenting, secondary data will be reviewed initially through the university library using a range of information sources such as the JSTOR system, ProQuest, academic and commercial abstracts, bibliographic databases, and Internet search engines. The website GratonRancheria.com will be used as primary data for the analyzation of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria.

As many other tribe names, the name Tlingit means “the people”, or essential human being. The Tlingit are one of the many first nation tribes that lived and still currently live in Alaska. They live alongside many other tribes, which include the Northern Haida (Kaigani) and the Tsimshian (de Laguna 1: pp 13). The Tlingit have formed close ties with the Haida tribe. Though it is estimated that the Haida are a newer tribe to the area both tribes have common interests and have worked together to establish a Central Council; in 1935 which according to their website was originally established to deal with land issues on behalf of the tribes which relied on their lands for subsistence and survival (“About us” www.ccthita.org). Part of the need for the council is that unlike many tribes many tribes, particularly those of the lower the United

“Here, at last, we begin to appreciate the enormity of the calamity, for the disintegration of native America was a loss not just to those societies but to the human enterprise as a whole. . . . The Americas were a boundless sea of novel ideas, dreams, stories, philosophies, religions, moralities, discoveries, and all the other products of the mind”(137).

“Newberry Library: Lewis and Clark Exhibit.” Newberry Library: Lewis and Clark Exhibit, publications.newberry.org/lewisandclark/brilliantplan/gifts/weyekin.html. Accessed 1 Apr. 2017.

A short little line that stood out to me here. “Mrs. Sallie Noble says there are some that speak the language still on Salmon River.”. Although this group was said to be extinct there are still some speaking the language in 1921.

Across Canada and the United States there are many First Nations languages which are a part of the Algonquian language family, all of which with varying states of health. Although these languages share many characteristics of the Algonquian language family, the cultures, systems of beliefs, and geographic location of their respective Nations differentiate them. In being shaped by the landscape, cultures, and spirituality of the First Nations, the language brings the speakers closer to their land and traditions while reaffirming their identity as First Peoples. Using the Blackfoot Nation to further explore this concept, this paper will show that while language threads together First Nations culture, spirituality,

The historical literature of First Nations and Peoples’, within North America, have shown inaccuracies and a lack of certain components. This being said, the contents of written history often reflect the points of view of those who have written it; the majority of the historical records composed appear to be homogenized, and

The Heidi Inuit and Sioux are very interesting tribes they have many similarities and differences. A fun fact is that dozens of native nations lived on the Great Plains, including the Sioux Indians, also known as the Lakota and Dakota. The name Sioux means "little snakes". A fun fact for the innate would be As of 2012, 89 percent of the population of Greenland was Inuit. This means that there are an estimated 51,349 Inuit people living in this country, and the most of them live in the southwestern corner. there are three major Inuit groups: Inughuit, Tuniit and Kalaallit. About 10 percent of the Inuit people live in close regions and each group speaks its own language. Now we can end with a Haida

The Metlakatla First Nation is based on the north coast of British Columbia, north of Prince Rupert. The community is quite small and remote

At the beginning of this lecture, Dr. Vajda exhibites some pictures of the Yenisei River, the Ket people and the world’s largest forest, Siberian Taiga. He introduces an overview about the Yeniseian language family, and the Ket speakers with their extinct tribal relatives as attested in 17th century. The Kets were the last hunter-gatherers of Inner Eurasia. They were forcibly settled in Soviet villages along the Yenisei River only in the 1930s and 40s and live there today. The Siberian language family has been through four revolutions: microblade, reindeer, Cossacks and soviet eras.

al. discusses the interest in linguistic patterns and cultural diversity in California upon European contact. According to Schroeder et. al. Linguistic and Anthropological data have been previously used to discern many hypotheses regarding in situ developments, as well as migration patterns and population replacement concepts in the North American West. Most recently, mitochondrial DNA, or mtDNA, has been a new tool in the analysis of ancient and modern DNA. This study suggests that the Penutian speaking peoples from the California central valley adopting their linguistic patterns from somewhere else. Schroeder et. al. takes into consideration the influence of Great Basin and Columbia Plateau tribes in the Penutian language. 34 cheek swab samples were taken from members of the Miwok tribe, 13 DNA samples were taken from the Northern Paiute, and 20 samples were taken from the Washo tribe. Of the 34 samples taken from the Miwok, 7 haplotypes were observed. These 7 types were split into two haplogroups, haplogroup B and D. As for the Northern Paiute and Washo groups, they primarily represent haplogroups B and D as well. There was an exception, however, one of the Northern Paiute members fits into haplogroup A. Some of the Northern Paiute and Washo group fit into the category of haplogroup C, but only a small percentage. While haplogroups B and D

Whorf and Boas each spend a considerable amount of time studying North American indigenous cultures., Their on-the-field-engagement-to-language-mastery ratio, however, varied. Although Whorf spent over two years mastering Hop language and carefully trying to extract meaning from the dissimilarities between Hopi and SAE, he never went out into the field to speak to an actual Hopi member. Boas, in his work with the Kwakiutl is a more involved ethnographer, who recognized the value of first-hand information, he believes any grasp of the language is valuable and can yield critical information about the culture when combined with other methods of collection. The morality of his methods are questionable, however. He states, “Fortunately the Indian is easily misled, by the ability of the observer to read his language, into thinking that he is also able to understand what he reads.” In this way, Boas is able to inspire the natives’ eagerness to be put on record. Boas cannot be deemed disrespectful and condescending and further reading of his texts will prove the

The Haisla or Kitimaat comprise the Kitamaat of upper Douglas Channel and Devastation Channel as well as the Kitlope of upper Princess Royal Channel and Gard-ner Canal (Pedersen 2011). While the Kitamaat name themselves ‘Haisla’ (Engl. ‘dwell-ers downriver’), the Kitlope refer to themselves as ‘Henaaksiala’ (Engl. “dying off slow-ly”) (Pedersen 2011). The language of the Haisla, also called Haisla, belongs to the Wa-kashan language (Pedersen 2011). The Haisla used to be organized in a matrilineal sys-tem in eight clans (Eagle, Beaver, Raven, Crow, Killer Whale, Salmon, Wolf and Frog) that were made up of different families (Pedersen 2011). Prior to the contact with Eu-ropean settlers, each nation counted around 1000 members (Pedersen 2011).