Hair Allocation Lab Report

The EZH2 (enhance of zeste homolog2) is an enzyme that in humans is fixed by EZH2 and its supply the information’s about making of enzyme called a histone me-thyltransferase. The ploycomb group (PcG) is a protein with the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex) which the transcriptional involved in maintaining the repressive of genes cells and also the EZH2 mainly performs as a silence gene. The EZH2 performs the role by addition of methyl groups on the ly-sine 27 of histone H3, a modification leading chromatin

Skin repair is an important physiological process which is essential for homeostasis, restoring barrier function and preventing infection (Martin, 2009; Boateng and Catanzano, 2015). Wound healing is defined as a complex, dynamic and the specific biological process associated with the phenomena of tissue regeneration and growth (Mazumder et al., 2016). Regeneration can be defined as a tissue that significantly damaged either completely or partially removed and tissue's original function and cell types must be functional and structurally restored (Mazumder et al., 2016). The process of healing comprises a cytokine, blood cells, extracellular matrix and growth factor (Joao De Masi et al., 2016). The growth factor is a protein that activates and

Molecular Cell Biology, 7th Edition, 2013, Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Bretscher. Ploegh, Amon, and Scott. W.H. Freeman and Company (ISBN-13: 978-1-4292-3413-9)

The first couple of paragraphs include an explanation of what is considered a complex wound and the current available treatments. It is beneficial that the authors include an explanation of what the problem is so that the reader can have a better understanding of why this issue is of concern. The paragraphs then transition towards the types of treatments available for the problem and a description of why the current treatments are not sufficient for restorative care.

Preoperative hair removal with razor shaving predisposes patients to skin injuries which increase postoperative wound infection rates. The study found that injuries and resulting wound infections are decreased when depilatory cream is used for hair removal.

It was found that many animal species had the ability to regenerate hair cells in the inner ear, except mammals. Mammals were shown to have very limited hair cell regeneration, mainly in the auditory epithelium. It was believed that hair cells in birds arose from adjacent supporting cells. For hair cells to regenerate, it was believed that supporting cells reentered mitosis, formed daughter cells that then differentiated into either hair cells or more supporting cells, and in doing this it would restore function and structure to the inner ear epithelium. However, it was found that in avian species this was not the case. Remarkably after further analysis, in many avian species, supporting cells actually go through a process of direct differentiation. This is when the supporting cells themselves actually change their gene expression and convert into hair cells without dividing. There was no literature if there were changes in signaling but it would be possible since the cells would have to have some notification in which to transdifferentiate. This has been studied in chicken auditory epithelium. The studies show that the different mechanism is unique in its spatial and temporal patterns which suggest that the cells are being differentially regulated. Direct differentiation is a possible route of new hair cell development that was already discussed previously in the

To test for wound healing, excision wounds were created on THE exposed mice. The wound tissues were collected at various time intervals for 14 days after the injury. Looking at RNA concentration and using a spectrophotometer, the changes of expression level between exposed and non-exposed wound tissue were compared.

The team carefully picked through their massive list of 2000 genes related to HDAC2. Based on their extensive knowledge of gene functions, they zeroed in on three genes of interest. They subjected these 3 genes to

the part beneath the skin, called the hair follicle or when pulled from the skin, called the bulb. This organ is located in the dermis and maintains stem cells, which not only re-grow the hair after it falls out, but also are recruited to regrow skin after a wound.[2]

Significant progress has been made in identifying the molecular players that help in formation of the regenerating limb, as well as how they operate. Researchers have identified a particular player which controls proximal and distal properties. They did so by experimenting with retinoic acid (RA), which has control over cells. RA signaling, however, can only be done experimentally because blastema cells originating from cartilage follow the aforementioned distal transformation rule during normal limb regeneration. Additionally, as mentioned earlier, researchers have examined a number transcription factors that have been determined to be used in both embryonic development and limb regeneration, discovering a number of new ones. One of them, the MEIS family, is critical for upper limb development. Besides transcription factors, gradients also play a critical role in regeneration. The recently discovered newt anterior gradient (NAG) is a factor that encourages blastema cell growth and may also affect patterning of the Px/Ds axes. All of these are unique components in regeneration and would be interesting models for future

The Lac promoter sequence drives GST gene expression (transcription) and the lac repressor gene encodes a protein that represses the lac promoter. When the lac repressor gene is always

The collagen secretion plays an important role in wound healing paradigm to regain the mechanical strength of injured tissue (Hsiao et al., 2012). The collagen content was determined in wounded skin tissue sections by measuring hydroxyproline content (a major constituent of collagen). NCs treated mice exhibited an increase in collagen content at day 8 post-wound than day 3 in acute wounds than different control groups (Fig. 6.20). Further, a reduction in collagen content was noticed in all the treated groups at day 14 post-injury. It might be due to the reason that at day 14 post-wounding, treated groups entered a phase of dermal remodeling where a balance was achieved

An adult stem cell’s niche is responsible for the preservation of the stem cell’s undifferentiated state through either intrinsic or extrinsic expression of specific proteins. Hair follicle stem cells are responsible for not only its self-renewal but also in the production of rapidly multiplying cells. The stem cells of the hair follicle are for temporary increase in cells, and are created by the differentiation of hair follicle stem cells. The focus of this essay will be to analyze a specific protein within the hair follicle stem cell BMP, bone morphogenetic proteins. Through intrinsic expression, Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are able to function in multi levels and are in charge for the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). These proteins are crucial for the maintenance and the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells. Bone morphogentic proteins have the ability to affect other molecules that are part of the niche, which boosts or limits particular cellular functions to the needs of the human body and niche. This paper will discuss two experiments conducted that exhibit the function of BMP. One experiment will examine the results of BMP deletion in genetically modified dermal papilla cells patched onto mice that had no hair. The second scientific experiment will demonstrate the effects of excess and limited quantities of BMP expression in vitro on isolated chick otic vesicles. From these experiments scientists can foresee the future in developing various

Homeobox genes act as transcription factors, found in eukaryotes. Homeobox genes are associated with many body structures such as the central nervous system, neural crest, skeleton muscle, heart, brain, and liver (1). Homeobox genes are highly conservative and consist of 180 base pairs. Homeobox genes had isolated from Xenopus, mouse, and humans. In the human genome, there are about 255 homeobox genes (1). The well-known homeobox gene is HOX gene. Such a mutation in one of these genes leads to phenotype alterations. This paper provides an overview about one of Hox genes, which is MSX1 (2).

The role of inflammation in tissue healing is to help to promote healing and create an environment around the injured area that is optimal for the best healing time and for the best healing process to take place. In order to complete this the body must remain in a balanced homeostasis, this being a level at which the bodies temperature, blood pH and water balance are constant. Remaining at a balanced homeostasis will mean that the inflammatory response is able to work effectively as it has the right conditions in which to perform at its