2.2.2. A Brief History of Spanish, French, Haitian, and Other Languages in Haiti The following history sets a contextual stage for the present linguistic state in Haiti. Furthermore, having an understanding of the languages that have and do influence communication in Haiti is relevant to this analysis because it helps to explain why services with no Haitian clinical crew members may need an interpreter/translator and why communications are often in more than one language.
The island of Hispaniola is divided into the DR which takes up the eastern 2/3 of the island and the Republic of Haiti which is on the remaining 1/3 of the western portion of the island. Currently the national language of the DR is Spanish and the national languages of Haiti
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Pidgins are generally spoken as a second language when mutually unintelligible languages are in close contact (Carroll, 2008). They reflect an individual’s ability to adapt communicative techniques by learning a limited amount of basic vocabulary from one language and supplementing that with vocabulary from another language they are characterized as having a simplified syntax (grammar) (Alleyne, 1966). Although, there is some debate as to what the difference between a pidgin and a creole is, it is generally accepted that creoles are spoken as a first language evolving from a pidgin and are therefore more complex with regards to syntax then a pidgin but still simplified compared to the root language(s) (Carroll, …show more content…
In addition to this, there are several foreign political and humanitarian organizations that operate in Haiti whose workers bring their native languages with them. I was unable to find census type information or other demographics that show the percentage or even the existence of languages in Haiti other than the two national languages and Spanish. However, a basic internet search revealed that Haiti hosts embassies of 35 different countries that have the following national languages: English, Spanish, German, Dutch, Czech, Danish, Finish, Greenlandic, Filipino, Polish, Swedish, Standard Chinese, Italian, and Portuguese (I Looked up the embassies on line and then looked up the individual official languages independently through other sites… is this okay?. The same internet search also revealed that during the time of this analysis Haiti had United Nations (UN) support (police, troops, military) from 123 different countries the official languages of the UN are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish (UNP, 2016). It is reasonable to assume that the above languages and others are spoken in Haiti among minority populations to varying
The Haitian Revolution was one of the most important slave revolts in Latin American history. It started a succession of other revolutionary wars in Latin America and ended both colonialism and imperialism in the Americas. The Haitian Revolution affected people from all social castes in Haiti including the indigenous natives, mestizos, mulattos and the Afro-Latin. The idea of starting a rebellion against France began with the colony’s white elite class seeking a capitalist market. These elites in the richest mining and plantation economies felt that the European governments were limiting their growth and restricting free trades. However, the Afro-Latin, mestizos and mulattos turned the Haitian Revolution into a war for equality and built a new state. The Haitian Revolution, with the support of it large slave population and lower class citizens, eliminated slavery and founded the Republic of Haiti. Tin this essay I will discuss how mestizos, mulattos and the Afro-Latin Americans population in Haiti participate in the fight for independence and how they creation of new republics.
Unlike in the United States women in Haiti suffer from the lack of rights and privileges available to women in most western countries. Gender inequality seems to continue to be a
The Republic of Haiti has a unique and vibrant culture. It was once hailed as the "Pearl of the Antilles" for being the wealthiest colony in the world. This small Latin American island tells a story of slaves enduring resistance to the some of the most dominant forces abroad. In 1804, Haiti became the first free black republic and the second post-colonial country in the Americas. However, the days of being the wealthiest colony have since passed. Haiti is now considered to be the most impoverished country in the western hemisphere. The proud history of this country is overshadowed by alarming rates of poverty, violence, and inequality. This island nation’s government has been plagued with numerous military staged coups and misfortunes. I
The Dominican Republic and Haiti have had a resentment of one another for centuries. “It's an uneasy coexistence for countries whose intertwined histories of colonization, conquest and racism over the centuries have left deep wounds” (Castillo). The Haitian and Dominican relations have been disrupted and shattered since the 1400s, which has continued till today’s day in age due to the harsh treatment of Haitians, and the grudges each country has held over the centuries. This all began with the fight over the land of Hispaniola and the colonization between the Spanish and French. This has led to constant battles today between the two governments.
The Republic of Haiti is in the western part of the island of Hispaniola in the West Indies. It is densely populated and has the lowest per capita income in the western hemisphere (Kemp, 2001). The population of more than seven million is made up of mostly descendents of African slaves brought to the West Indies by French colonists. The horrible conditions in Haiti, such as crushing poverty, unemployment and illiteracy, and high rates of acute and chronic illnesses and child and infant mortality, result in the illegal immigration of many Haitians to the United States, France, and other countries in Western Europe. Most immigrants are adults and teens who leave Haiti in tiny boats, despite the
Purpose: To understand how Haiti became what it is and all the trials it has endured
In order to understand Haiti we must first put ourselves in their shoes. At one stage or another, every man, woman, or child will be faced with at least one issue that is now happening in Haiti. The issues involving Haiti has been a popular topic for the past two years. Since January twelfth two-thousand and ten. There are many factors which influenced the development of Haiti. Many people have abandoned Haiti over the past years. They have also given up hope for Haiti. Haiti is heralded by economic issues both political and social, foreign issues, military issues (minustah), presidential issues, and the recent earthquake. I plan to explain each of these factors in detail and give
80% of the Haitians are catholic, some people regularly participates in religious services while others only draw up their catholic identity,
Another factor which must be understood before explaining the events that took place before, during, and after the revolution is the general geography of the island itself. In 1789, Saint Domingue was not a unified colony. It was divided geographically, topographically, and agriculturally into a eastern and western sides. The western part of the island, Hispanola, belonging to the Spanish and the Eastern portion, Saint Domingue belonging to the French. The Spanish side was again split into three distinct provinces which all came into operation during the
What does the average American really know about the country, Haiti? Is the lifestyle all black magic, spells, and séances? Is this media portrayal of Voodoo the only way of life and what is Voodoo, any way? These questions come to mind when someone wants to know the truth about Haitian culture and life in Haiti. Haitian culture consists of deep rooted religious beliefs, music, and Haitian cuisine.
The Haitian revolution had tremendous repercussions in the social, political and economic arenas of the world, but especially for the relationship with the neighboring nation of the Dominican Republic. In order to understand the development of the Dominican-Haitian relationship after the Haitian revolution one must examine how the two colonies of Hispanola dealt with each other before it. Throughout history there has been constant stress between the interactions of these nations, yet there is no easy explanation for what has caused it. In effect, it has been an accumulation of events which has allowed for the present relationship to evolve.
Haiti is the second largest Caribbean Island. It occupies a third of the western part of the island it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is also made up of several islands that surround the main territory. The capital is Port-au-Prince. It rains between November and March in the North of the island and between May and October in the South. “Once covered by forest, the country has been heavily logged for wood and fuel and to clear land for farming, and is now largely deforested.” Haiti is divided into “nine administrative departments.” Besides the capital, other important cities are Cap-Haitien and Gonaives. “Haiti is the most densely populated country in Latin America and has the lowest per
For the most part, the interaction between the colonizers of Haiti—the Spanish and the French—was negative, and lastingly so. Haiti has remained a turbulent and impoverished landscape. Social and economic indicators remain doggedly low, year after year. Haiti, although technically independent as of 1804, has never been able to support itself. There is a lot of heartfelt sympathy for Haiti, and the hope is that the legacy of colonization is not unending fate. But it will take a lot of work to get Haiti to a place of true freedom and independence, and sometimes outside help, however well intentioned, only unwittingly fuels the legacy.
The Hispaniola is a small island in the Caribbean which is currently composed by the Dominican Republic and the Republic of Haiti. These two countries despite sharing an island and historical institutions are completely different. While the Dominican Republic enjoys the beauty of the Caribbean and its weather, Haiti suffers the consequences of it. These two countries share certain similarities, but within these similarities there is a big difference. The Dominican Republic and Haiti have a similar economy, environment, and education system, but in
The Haitian revolution took place in Saint-Domingue, a French colony and one of the richest of all European colonies in the Caribbean, on the western part of the island of Hispaniola, a major center of sugar production with hundreds of prosperous plantations. The population of the colony comprised of three groups, the white colonials, the gens de couleur, and the slaves. Many slaves ran away and established maroon communities that were self-sustained. As more and more slaves ran away, more and more slaves were being imported from Africa and other Caribbean islands, which resulted in the high prices of slaves. Since the French aided the North American colonists in their war for independence, they sent several hundreds of gens de couleur to the colonies. Once they returned to Saint-Domingue, they wanted independence themselves from the French.