Hallucis Longus

Peripheral neuropathy involves damage to the peripheral nervous system which serves as a major communication network for the brain, the spinal cord other parts of the body. Peripheral nerves are responsible for sending sensory information such as “cold feet” back to the brain. It is also responsible for sending signals from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles to elicit movement. There are more than 100 types of peripheral neuropathy and each is classified based on the type of damage on the nerve. Some peripheral neuropathies are due to damage to the myelin sheath which is the fatty protein that coats and insulate the axon. This myelin sheath is important for increasing the speed at which impulses propagate down a myelinated nerve fiber.

This is done when the foot is inverted most of the time. This happens when the foot is awkwardly planted or is stepped upon during activities. Stepping in a surface that is irregular, such as in an athletic event when one player steps on another player foot a sprain can result.

Peripheral nerve injury(PNI) may result in a injury with a gap in the nerve or without gap. It is a largescale

The superficial peroneal nerve runs under the peroneus longus muscle supplying the peroneus longus muscle and peroneus brevis muscle. It then continues down to the foot as a sensory nerve. The deep peroneal nerve runs under the peroneus longus muscle and extensor digitorum longus muscle, supplying the tibialis anterior muscle and peroneus tertius muscle. It emerges medial to the tibialis anterior muscle and runs with the anterior tibial vessels under the extensor

The claimant presented with chronic left lower limb radicular symptoms status post lumbar surgery complicated by postoperative arachnoiditis. She had an ambulatory dysfunction secondary to a left foot drop. It was also mentioned that the claimant had depression. Her physical examination revealed weakness, lower limb numbness, and a positive straight leg raise test on the left.

The bone that is held in place by tendons and ligaments in the knee joint is the patella. The job of the tendons in the knee joint is to attach the bones to the muscles, and the job of the ligaments is to attach different bones together. All these structures help the knees to function and move (Knee). What helps the leg to move forward is when the patellar reflex is initiated and the tapping of the knee bends which then causes the muscles of the quadriceps to contract. This movement is also called the “knee jerk” (Knee Jerk). If there is an issue with the nerves, there could be a decrease or an absence that could be damaged along the chain. Hyporeflexia is what that is called. This is usually seen in individuals who have had an injury in the spinal cord at T5 or above (Automatic). Levels S1 and S2 need to be healthy in order for Matt to have an ankle jerk reflex. To see the contraction of the foot you would have to relax the foot and strike the tendon for it to kick. Hypothyroidism, a disorder or a disease could be an indication of an absence of the reflex. You can assess the function of the motor and sensory pathways by doing those

The lateral corticospinal tract controls distal parts of the arms, hands, and fingers that are a part of the lower legs, feet and toes. Signals move down these tracts through a chain of events leading to the final common pathway. The primary motor cortex and supplementary motor cortex send their axons through the corticospinal tract. The axons then make their way through subcortical white matter to the ventral midbrain and enter the cerebral peduncles (in the medulla). Once the axons leave the peduncles, they form the pyramidal tracts. The fibers then cross over and descend to the contralateral spinal cord, consequently forming the lateral corticospinal tract. Other fibers, however, go through the ipsilateral spinal cord and form the ventral corticospinal tract. As the axons make their way down the lateral corticospinal tract, they form synapse with the lower motor neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord. These lower motor neurons are what control the muscles of the arms, hands and

TA muscle, a crucial muscle for foot lift during gait, and major player in maintaining balance and stability, demonstrated no significant differences during IDS, SS, and TDS on the affected side with the RE as compared to without the RE (P= 0.52780, P= 0.73530, P= 0.07592 respectively), but showed a significant difference during swing as stated above. In the TA muscle, there was no significant differences between the affected and unaffected limbs with RE (P>0.05). While there was no significant differences in EMG activation of the TA muscle without the RE during TDS and Swing, conversely there was a significant difference in IDS, and SS when comparing the affected and unaffected limbs (IDS: P=0.02631, SS: P=0.04539, TDS: P=0.06174, SW: P=0.09960). There was no significant

Several things cause this medical condition. Some kids are born with the problem. When it occurs in adults, it gradually develops over time. It might affect you after your leg or foot has been in a cast or after you've had an injury.

However, if the leg is no longer attached to the body, then how can the neurons in the leg transport signals to the nervous system in order for the body to feel sensations?

Sensation is decreased to light touch, pin prick and temperature on the S1 distribution of his left lower extremity.

Patients with Schizophrenia can have symptoms that vary from hallucinations, to bad hygiene. They can experience delusions and disorganized thoughts. They are normally depressed and can cause self-harm. The treatments for Schizophrenia includes medications, Electroconvulsive Therapy and therapy. Therapy for these patients can be individual or group. The therapy sessions can help teach these patients how to be social and it can show them how to deal with the voices or hallucinations. Medications for schizophrenia are called antipsychotics. The medications help curb the symptoms of schizophrenia. The down fall to the medications is most people stop taking them. It is not uncommon for the “voices” to talk the patient out of taking them. Electroconvulsive

The posterior tibial tendon is one of the vital foot supporting structures. This fibrous begins in the calf muscles, stretching behind the ankle, then attaches to a midfoot bone. That bone is known as the navicular. It is very important in the structure of the arch. The posterior tibial tendon has an important role of securing the navicular in the right position. This in turn holds the arch of the foot in place, while providing support when tension is transferred from the toes to the rest of the foot. When this particular bone loses position due to tendon malfunction, the arch starts to sag, and eventually disappears. This leads to a flatfoot deformity. Post

Lumbar fact loading is positive on the right side. Furthermore, sensation is decreased to light touch over the lateral foot, medial foot, lateral calf, anterior thigh, lateral thigh, and toes on the right side.

Current research suggests that trigger points are caused by a dysfunction in the nerves that signal the muscles to contract (Simons, Travell, & Simons 1999). When the neural activity becomes unsynchronized, it can cause muscles to contract without relaxing (Simons et al. 1999; Ge, Fernandez-de-las-Penas, & Yue 2011). This constant contraction results in a trigger point, which restricts blood flow to the taut muscle area and causes both localized and referred pain (Ge et al. 2011). Researchers theorize that DN interferes with the malfunctioning nerve signals and resets them to their normal function (Simons et al. 1999; Giamberardino, Affaitati, Fabrizio, & Costantini 2011).