Hanna Pitkin

Lloyd uses description when the sight and sounds of the sexually exploited girls’ experiences are portrayed. An example would be when she recounts the time she visited a victim of sexual exploitation in the hospital. The passage reads “Her upper lip is split completely in two; her jaw is broken, her nose as well. Most of her teeth are gone… [Two years previous] I had joked about how she looked like a tiny china doll. Now that doll had been mutilated, her delicate porcelain features smashed” (pg 113). Here Lloyd uses description to emphasize both the innocence of the child as well as the physical brutality this girl had fallen victim to. When decent descriptive methods are used, it is easier for the audience to become more sympathetic towards the events as well as the characters depicted in the piece of writing. This particular mode of the dissertation is common within memoirs, for the author wants to be able to share their experiences in an engaging way. Therefore, the use of descriptive rhetoric within Lloyd’s memoir was effective in illustrating particular details to generate the appeal of pathos, the emotion of sympathy within the

When looking how effectively a country represents its citizens, it is important to take into account the manner in which they are represented. The two main types of representation are descriptive and agency representation. Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. Agency representation, which is what the United States congress looks like, is when the representation does not reflect the demographic, but they speak for their constituents’ interests in congress. The constituents are able to hold the representatives accountable and can choose not to elect them in the next term, so the representatives

explicitly. Symbolism is the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. At the end of Chapter 9,

understand under the social construction of reality, according to Berger and Luckman6. Also, it is directly related with the concept of sexuality as a social construction. Weeks3 emphasis,

Once… elected, the group must develop a system to hold the candidates responsible to the group. (Barker, Jones, Tate 1999: 73)

The United States Congress is more than likely the most significant representative institution in the United States government. Each member of Congress has a primary obligation to the district, to his or her constituency. Though Congress is divided into two parts, called the House of Representatives and the Senate, they both play different roles in the legislature process. Senate is more deliberative and the House is the more centralized and organized. Congress is supposed to represent the American people but they will not always make the “right” decisions, according to some individuals. Obviously it is impossible to please everybody, but surely the laws that are being passed are because Congress views some sort of usefulness from it. There are two different types of representation that was spoken about in the chapter including sociological and agency representation. Sociological is based off of the idea that if two individuals have similar background, character, interests, and perspectives, then they can correctly represent others’ views. Agency is when a representative is held accountable to a constituency for when that constituency is represented poorly. The constituents have the power to hire and fire their representatives.

The main argument in The Challenge of Congressional Representation is whether or not Congress is truly represented. Richard Fenno chose five members of Congress to follow and he reports their thoughts on Congressional representation throughout this book. The five members Fenno followed all seem to want to help their constituents; however, they have completely different means of obtaining constituent approval. The problem of representation within Congress is mainly brought up by constituents. The issue of representation; however, also concerns the representative.

Blumenthal, Karen. Let Me Play: The Story of Title IX : The Law That Changed the Future of

Virtual Representation- This was the idea that said that Parliament members “represented” British colonists, as a whole community rather than from individual districts. This was also applied to colonists in the New World. Although they did not have an actual voice, they were still considered in Parliament. This backed up the right for Parliament to issue tax laws.

| |What are the individual’s responsibilities in the |Why is it important for these responsibilities to be |

Still according to the book the basis of sociological representation portrays representative as a delegate who shares the same gender, racial, religious, ethnic or educational culture with the constituents. Hence, one can conclude that Congress is not sociologically representative of the common people. Nevertheless, Both Houses do have a good productive organization support. As the book explains agency representation is a form of representation that is present when the citizens have the ability to appoint and oust congressmen and congresswomen. Our lawmakers were voted in by the citizens and have to make decisions on their behalf and protect their interest as they represent the American People. The framers had in mind for Congress to be very active to the needs of their constituents, frequently congress members got mixed up over acting in the name of the citizens of their district and satisfying the needs of the entire nation. Although, sociologically the agency representation is disproportional, the lawmakers always act with the next election in

Dana Raigrodski is a Lecturer and Director of the General LL.M. Program at the University of Washington School of Law, as well as the Executive Director of Global Affairs at the Law School. She serves as a Commissioner on the Washington State Supreme Court Gender & Justice Commission and as member of the University of Washington Women’s Center Anti-Trafficking Task Force. Dr. Raigrodski’s scholarship and research interests examine human trafficking, migration and globalization, criminal procedure and jurisprudence, feminist legal theories, and law and development. She teaches courses on law and globalization, American legal system and research methods, and comparative legal studies. Prior to joining academia, Dr. Raigrodski practiced law for

The article Rethinking Representation, written by Jane Mansbridge, explains how there are three different forms of representation apart from the traditional idea of “promissory” representation. Promissory representation is the traditional model of representation. It focuses on the idea that during a representative’s campaign they make promises to their constituents. During the representative’s time in office, these promises are either kept or not fulfilled. As Mansbridge notes, within the last 20 years there has been three new forms of representation, they are anticipatory, gyroscopic, and surrogate representation.

emphasizes that although reality is constructed by our social interactions, our perceived reality, including those of a sexual nature are not the same for everyone. It is critical that a situation is defined by the establishment of relevant identities of those involved in the interaction. It is this construction that involves

We will be drawing a distinction between three different account or theories：the reflective, the intentional and the constructionist approaches to representation. Most of this text will be exploring the constructionist approach with two