The Merriam Webster Dictionary describes hard-boiled as: “of, relating to, or being a detective story featuring a tough unsentimental protagonist and a matter-of-fact attitude towards violence.” While much of this holds true in many literary instances, the description of hard-boiled is more complex and the execution of this style varies from author to author. In this paper, we will take a closer look at what hard-boiled means and how three hard-boiled novels from three different authors in three different decades exhibit unique concepts while following a similar formula for the hard-boiled detective novel.
What is a hard-boiled mystery and what differentiates it from its classical counterpart? Up to the introduction of this darker side
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Chandler’s Wikipedia entry proclaims: “Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature, and is considered by many to be a founder, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other Black Mask writers, of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction.” His characters are imperfect, with fluctuating morals and little remorse. These characteristics reflect the somber pervading tone of this time. His first novel, The Big Sleep, set in Los Angeles, where he also lived, was published in 1939 and was later adapted for the big screen. Chandler was among the first to master visual description, figurative language and the addition of psychology to hard-boiled literature and it set him apart. In the opening of Chandler’s novel, he immediately employs figurative language and an in-depth and somber description of his protagonist Phillip Marlowe’s surroundings: “It was about eleven o’clock in the morning, mid October, with the sun not shining and a look of hard wet rain in the clearness of the foothills. I was wearing my powder-blue suit, with dark blue shirt, tie and display handkerchief, black brogues, black wool socks with dark blue clocks on them. I was neat, clean, shaved and sober, and I didn’t care who knew it…the main hallway of the Sternwood place was two stories high. Over the entrance doors, which would have let in a troop of Indian elephants, there was a broad stained-glass panel showing a knight in dark armor rescuing a lady who was tied to a tree and didn’t have any clothes on but some very long and convenient hair”(Chandler 3). The scene sets the dark mood of the novel, a common trait of the hard-boiled mystery, and shrewdly foreshadows a femme fatale-another element to the hard-boiled formula. It also gives us a peek into
In Fahrenheit 451, the main character is Guy Montag. Montag is a “firefighter” who burns books.Yes, I was thinking the same thing of why he was making fires and not putting them out. In this futuristic society they don’t read books or write at all. Instead, they drive very fast and watch a lot of Tv and listen to the radio on “seashell sets”. One day Montag meets a girl named Clarisse McClellan and she opens his eyes up about things. She is full of happiness and has a lot of knowledge for her age. A lot of events happen to Montag, his wife tried to commit suicide, a woman decides to be burned alive with her books, and Clarisse gets killed by a speeding car. He starts to really question things when a lady decides to be burned alive with her
When we hear about a killing on the news, our natural instincts are to immediately antagonize the killers. More likely than not, we hate the killers, and hope they get a vengeful prison sentence. In Truman Capote’s true crime non-fiction book, In Cold Blood, we learn about the murders that took place in Holcomb. The story is about much more than the slaying of a respectful family, its focus is on the killers, Dick Hickock and Perry Smith. One of Capote’s main purposes in the book is to convey the multiple perspectives of a crime in order for the readers to view the killers as more than just the bad guys, and he achieves his purpose primarily through the use of pathos, anecdotes, and his chosen narrative.
“Genres are typical forms of texts which link kinds of producer, consumer, topic, medium, manner and occasion”(Hodge and Kress,1988.). Genre thus presents a set of expectations, to which adherence assists in retaining its identity. However it is also correct that “the boundaries between genres are shifting and becoming more permeable”(Abercrombie 1996, 45). Essentially genre is constantly redefining its boundaries in order to better reflect the historical, social and economic context of society. Likewise, the genre of crime fiction has evolved from its traditional conventions. Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window and Cornell Woolrich's It Had to be Murder, whilst employing the conventions of traditional crime fiction also simultaneously subvert
Crime and glimpses into the heads of criminal masterminds has always been something that fascinates people. Although crime is a terrible thing, the complexity and intricacy of it is something that people love to hear about. One can turn on the news at any given time and almost certainly hear an account of some form of a crime within ten minutes. In the novel In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, an account to a perplexing crime is taken to a whole new level. The Clutter family was a charming family of four that lived in the little town of Holcomb, Kansas. They were brutally murdered with no apparent motive by Dick Hickock and Perry Smith, two men that had
“The Gutting of Couffignal” is a detective fiction short story written by Dashiell Hammett that focuses on the mystery surrounding the attack on the town of Couffignal by an unknown gang, and more specifically, the robberies and murders that ensue. Hammett’s story is classified as hard-boiled fiction, which Encyclopaedia Britannica defines as a “tough, unsentimental style of American crime writing” (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica). Due to its hard-boiled nature, “The Gutting of Couffignal” mainly focuses on the issue of large-scale crime in the city. However, throughout the story, Hammett uses gender stereotyping of both the protagonist and the antagonist by the readers
In Fahrenheit 451 certain people were very different from regular people that you would usually talk to. Montag, was one of the smartest people in the book, He would always talk like he could see the future. People thought he was crazy. He was also a firefighter. In there world there meaning of firefighters are totally different. Instead of putting out fires they start fires.
Readers who have never picked up on the Dashiell Hammett detective novel The Maltese Falcon 1930 or seen the classic 1941 film adaptation, which follows the novel almost verbatim, can feel a strong sense of familiarity, faced for the first time in history. In this book, Hammett invented the hard-boiled private eye genre, introducing many of the elements that readers have come to expect from detective stories: mysterious, attractive woman whose love can be a trap , search for exotic icon that people are willing to kill the detective, who plays both sides of the law, to find the truth , but it is ultimately driven by a strong moral code , and shootings and beatings enough for readers to share the feeling of danger Detective . For decades , countless writers have copied the themes and motifs Hammett may rarely come anywhere near him almost perfect blend of cynicism and excitement.
While American and British authors developed the two distinct schools of detective fiction, known as “hard-boiled and “golden age,” simultaneously, the British works served to continue traditions established by earlier authors while American works formed their own distinct identity. Though a niche category, detective works reflect the morality and culture of the societies their authors lived in. Written in the time period after World War I, Dashiell Hammett’s The Maltese Falcon and “The Gutting of Couffignal”, and Raymond Chandler’s “Trouble Is My Business” adapt their detectives to a new harsh reality of urban life. In “hard-boiled” works, the detective is more realistic than the detective in “golden age” works according to the
Unique writing style is definitely an essential element in any piece of writing, and Raymond Chandler uses his style efficiently in The Big Sleep. Chandler's style is one that seems to come easily to him and it also seems very natural to the reader, perhaps because there is not a lot of high, eloquent language. Rich in description and dialogue, the characters seem more realistic to the reader as a result of such details and natural speech. Chandler includes many descriptive words, similes, metaphors; yet they are not complicated or ambiguous which may lead to misinterpretations. He also tends to focus on a few major aspects of the characters, repeating those
Dennis Lehane writes satisfyingly complex and disturbingly violent crime fiction that often crosses into thriller territory. These are not, however, cheap thrills. Even in their goriest moments, his books are grounded in rich, real-life detail. Lehane knows Boston and its denizens, and he captures the city’s subcultures beautifully -- from the hushed refinement of the old-money suburbs to the grittiness of tacky motels and bail-bond agencies. He has a unique way of presenting his mysteries with an edge-of-the-seat feeling, yet his descriptive methods brings one into his neighborhoods and gives one the feeling that they lived there their entire life.
The detective genre is recognizable by the mystery that it represents or establishes. Every word of a fiction novel is chosen with a purpose, and that purpose on a detective novel is to create suspense. The excerpts from The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler, Murder Is My Business by Lynette Prucha, and Devil in a Blue Dress by Walter Mosley, create an atmosphere of suspense and mystery. Even though they all fit into this category, there are some differences that make each novel unique. The imagery that the authors offer in the excerpts helps the reader to distinguish the similarities and the differences.
3. In “In Cold Blood”(1965), a nonfiction novel, Truman Capote accounts for the murder of the Clutter family, residing in Holcomb, Kansas, and the events that followed. The mode of development includes Gothic themes and motifs to make the audience question the roles of the protagonists and the antagonists, “Uh-huh. But you’ll have to kill me first”, said Perry to Dick when he proposed to rape Nancy Clutter; Capote also juxtaposes between different time periods to make the audience question what had really happened in the Clutter household. This work of “new-age journalism” continually asserts that Perry killed the Clutters, although scant evidence is produced. Capote’s target audience is the people who are part of the criminal justice system and psychologists. Capote is trying to prove that all people are inherently benevolent, but when they have had traumatic events occur in their past, they have injured psyches, thus attempting to explain the formerly inexplicable murders.
Hard-boiled detective fiction sets the scene for a cold and harsh reality. Dashiell Hammett’s, “The Girl with The Silver Eyes” is no exception to this rule. In this short story Hammett paints a picture of a brutally realistic urban center filled with characters that not many people would want to call friends. The realistic qualities of Hammett’s story are drawn from his own life’s experience working as a Pinkerton detective. The detective in “The Girl With The Silver Eyes” works for the Continental Detective Agency and is, therefore, known simply as the Continental Op. In the beginning of the story the Op professes, “a detective, if he is wise, takes pains to make and keep as many friends as possible among transfer company, express
Dashiell Hammett’s novel, The Maltese Falcon, is a hard-boiled detective novel; a subset of the mystery genre. Before the appearance of this sub-genre, mystery novels were mainly dominated by unrealistic cases and detectives like Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes. As Malmgren states, “The murders in these stories are implausibly motivated, the plots completely artificial, and the characters pathetically two-dimensional, puppets and cardboard lovers, and paper mache villains and detectives of exquisite and impossible gentility.” (Malmgren, 371) On the other hand, Hammett tried to write realistic mystery fiction – the “hard-boiled” genre. In the Maltese Falcon, Hammett uses language, symbolism, and characterization to bring the story closer to
The novel “The Big Sleep” by Raymond Chandler was published in 1939 during the heart of the Great Depression. The novel is written in a very sinister, dark and kind of a gangster tone and carries much of the cynicism of 1930s America. The Big Sleep is a story of intrigue, corruption, delinquency and obliquity with a rather complex plot which can be very confusing. The main character in “the Big Sleep” is the private detective Philip Marlow who is very masculine man with values and a good moral. His strong moral is often evidenced throughout the novel. Marlowe is the only one in this complex world who cannot be corrupted because the other characters are all described as sleazy,