Hard Water Lab Report Essay

When the pH is not at its optimum, the differing pH's will disrupt the bonding between the R groups of the amino acid causing its structure and the shape of the activation site to change

I. LIQUID - Identification of an Unknown Liquid: Using the physical properties of Solubility, Density, and Boiling Point.

Solub. Or Reaction w/ hot H20: no change observed from the cool water and is soluble

Then next way that we determined the hardness of water was through Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry (AA). The way that this hardness is determined

Having a hard water with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions at home could be an annoying thing for many people. When hard water is heated the minerals in it precipitate out including the Ca+ and Mg+2 ions, these mineral start to form a coat on shower doors, bath tops, soap scums which result of addition of soap to hard water and people will find difficulty cleans with soap since hard water lose some affections in dissolving soaps as soaps get mixing with ions and less soap will be dissolving. As a response of this hard water problems water softener came to the market. Water softener works by exchange the hard water ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ with slats such as Na+ and k+ this way the hard water ions will be reduced or eliminated leading to better water quality [2].

10. The minerals shown in Figure 1.12 (p. 7 lab book) are fluorite and topaz that have been tested for hardness. Use the Mohs scale in Figure 1.11 (p. 7 lab book) to identify which is fluorite and which is topaz.

Table 1 shows the contents of the bags and the content of the concentration it was submersed in. Bags 2-4 each contain a solution of both sucrose and water. These bags were each put into beakers containing hypertonic solution. These bags gained weight over time because the water moved from its high concentration inside the beaker to the low concentration inside the membrane of the artificial cell, the membrane being the bags that consisted of dialysis tubing. The

Product bubbled upon addition to the hydrochloric acid; liquid turned cloudy ¡V precipitate was present; zinc sample disintegrated slowly and turned black in color.

groups. It was conducted to further the research in choice overload and paralysis of the mind.

The boiling point elevation constant for water that was experimentally determined in this analysis was 0.4396 °C/m, which was derived from the slope of the trend line in Figure 2. This is slightly lower than the constant provided in lecture of 0.51 °C/m. This could be due to further evaporation of water from the solutions tested via refractive index after the boiling temperature was recorded.

To begin Lab 7 of Chem 115, a clean and dry porcelain crucible and its cover were obtained. Next, an iron ring was attached to a ring stand. A clay triangle was placed on top to the ring and a Bunsen burner was placed under the ring. Following the setup for the experiment, the crucible and its cover were placed on the clay triangle and were heated for about five minutes. After, the burner was turned off and the crucible and cover were left to cool to room temperature. Once the crucible and its cover had reached room temperature, tongs were used to move them to a wire gauze. Using the wire guaze, the crucible and its cover were transported to an analytical scale to weigh and record the mass of it. Next, a strip of magnesium was obtained and

The weight of each 50ml beaker (used for weighing the mass of dissolved Potassium chloride after the evaporation of water) should be recorded. If the experimenter were to weigh the mass of one beaker and take it as a default mass, the latter may be a source of error.

You will need to the aluminum pan that can contain water of almost 1.7 liters and a kettle with a flat, smooth bottom surface that is clean and a gas cooker. The procedure is quite simple and interesting. To illustrate, I will see myself. I will boil the water in the specific pan filled with approximately 1.5 liters. The water should point to its maximum boiling point. The purpose of boiling this water is to be used to iron

The range of water hardness of the 31 WTPs varied from 93 mg/l to 448 mg/l of total hardness with an average value of 180 mg/l. Of the 31 plants 17 had a total hardness between 120mg/l and 160mg/l, accounting for 58% of the study area.

Clean water supply is essential in establishing and maintaining a healthy community. There are two sources of water supply which are the surface water and ground water. Most natural waters are not suitable for consumption as it is contaminated by pathogens and also natural chemicals and minerals. In addition, as a city grew, wastes from human activities contaminate most of the water supplies. Water treatment plays an important role to properly treat a contaminated source of water supply in order to protect the health of consumers. Water treatment process is defined as a process of eliminating pollutants from untreated water to produce a biologically and chemically risk-free water, which is both potable and palatable for human consumption