Hardness And What Impact Does It Have On Water Quality

pH measures hydrogen ions in the water and indicates if the water is alkaline, base (neutral) or acidic. This level of solubility tells what nutrients are available for aquatic life. Metals tend to become more toxic at a lower pH because they are more soluble. With all these sample the Litmus paper had a green colour indication a Neutral pH level of 7. This indicates a good level for Marine life to exist in Prospect Creek.

Hard water is an annoying thing that most of the American face one time or the other. According to a US geological survey, hard water is found in more than 89.3% of the country. water is a universal solvent meaning it can dissolve more substance than any other solvent, that being said water from the rain is soft water, free from any mineral but as the water basses through the air it picks up carbon dioxide and other impurities in the air, and once the water reach the ground it start to dissolve mineral and change into a hard water with mineral such as Ca+, Mg+ [1].

In the Chemistry of Natural Waters Lab we were to collect a sample of water, ranging from a fountain, stream, bottle, or tap water. After we collected the samples we all did many tests to see what the hardness was for each one. Water hardness is determined by the amount of Calcium and Magnesium in the water.(2) Water that has more Calcium or Magnesium is considered to be harder than water with less of those two elements. When you use soap and detergent, this is where you see water hardness coming into play in everyday life when you are washing things.

“The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity (sic) of the solution. The letters pH stand for power of hydrogen and the numerical value defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions.” (PH, 2002). The pH scale is from 0 to 14. When the pH is higher, the hydrogen ions are fewer and the substance considered alkaline. This means when a pH unit increases by one, there is a tenfold change in the hydrogen ion. For example, if a substance has a 7 pH, it has 10 times as many as hydrogen ions available as 8 pH. A lake having a water pH between 6.5 and 8.5 is considered to be neutral. Researchers tested Peckham Park lake water monthly from August 2015 to April 2016 for water pH levels. A water quality PH test strip taken from a jar and dipped into the lake. After a few minutes, the strip will turn a color and this color determines the pH. The jar the strips came in has a chart of the colors on the back which compared to the color on the strip. The lake tested monthly using the PH test strips, which show the pH level, hardness, toxic, etc. using color-change

The main objective was to test if the tap water is safe or not to drink according to U.S. standard. According to U.S. standard, the concentration of phosphate in the water should not exceed 3 mg/L. However, the collected data reveals that all of the calculated molarities do exceed 3 mg/L, or 3.15 * 10-5 moles per liter. Therefore, the water is certainly not drinkable.

pH is also known as a measure of hydrogen ions in a solution. A hydrogen ion is the nucleus of a hydrogen atom being split from its electron. Studying the pH of different types of soil being placed in a control group such as tap water will represent the acidity or alkalinity of the matter. The pH scale begins at 0 and goes all the way up to 14, pH 7 being its neutral point, which isn’t acidic or basic. A neutral point on the acidic scale is in the middle, anything lower than the neutral point (7), is acidic, and anything higher than the neutral point is considered basic or “alkaline”.

Water quality is based upon a set of standards that describe the kinds and amounts of minerals and other substances that may be present in the water.

pH is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration. It measures rather the solution is acid, base, or neutral.

Hard water. (2012, February 15). In _Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia_. Retrieved 20:52, February 27, 2012, from _http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hard_water&oldid=477009427_

The Results from ETDA (table 7) show that tap water Mifflin Hall (400 ppm) is hardest than the four other water samples. It is followed by tap water Harleysville (340 ppm), well Water Wyckoff (320 ppm), Stream Water Raleigh (110 ppm) and Tap water Yosemite (80 ppm). This order supports my hypothesis. Tap water Yosemite is relatively soft compared to the other water samples. I have predicted my sample to be the hardness and tap water Yosemite to be the softest. Also, these results support my hypothesis in the assumption that they show that stream water Raleigh is moderately hard as expected. Nevertheless, I expected tap water Yosemite to be relatively soft but the data show that it is moderately hard. In fact, I assumed that tap water Yosemite would be slightly hard because in California ground water is stored in alluvium. They are made up of loose gravel, sands, and silts and they contain a very low concentration of divalent cations. Maybe the fact that rocks vary from the state of California due to the difference in geology might

water that is unpleasant to drink due to bad odor, taste, and algae. Also, acid

My science fair topic will be measuring the acidic levels in different companies of water bottles such as Aquafina, Dasani, Evian, Fiji, Miami Dade Tap Water, Penta, Publix Spring Water, Smart Water, Smart Water, Volvic, Voss, and Zephyrhills. Bottled water has been tested for its ppm (parts per million) to measure the amount of particles inside the water. The pH scale is a measurement of how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is. The pH scale has a range of 0-14; numbers less than 7 are considered acidic and numbers greater than 7 are considered basic. An acidic pH level means that the solution has more free hydrogen ions, and a basic pH level means that the solution has more free hydroxyl ions. pH is reported in logarithmic units and an increase or decrease of one on the pH scale has a 10-fold change. The negative logarithmic of the hydrogen ion concentration calculates the pH level of a solution. This is why pH stands for the potential of hydrogen and it calculate din

detected. These trends are important in in determining the quality of water such the mineral

Hard water is the water that has a high amount of mineral in it, usually Ca2+ and Mg+. These cations enter the source of water by leaching from minerals within a wet underground layer of water- bearing rock, or an aquifer. According to the WHO, hard water is not harmful to human’s health but it’s a serious problem in the water industry. Household plumbing and appliances are also greatly affected by hard water conditions. Some of the effects include clogged pipes, water heater inefficiency and hard scaling. Hard water is also linked to decreased water flow or water pressure and seized (frozen) valves in faucets,

Water quality is important to human health. “Water quality refers to the basic and physical characteristics of water that determine its suitability for life or for human