Harlem Langston Hughes Analysis

Langston Hughes’ poetry frequently cites the “American Dream” from the perspective of those who were disenfranchised in American, such as the Native Americans, African Americans, poor farmers, and oppressed immigrants. The American Dream was defined by James Truslow Adams as, “life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement” (Langston Hughes). Hughes’ poetry portrays the glories of equality, liberty, and the “American Dream” as the disenfranchised were trapped beneath oppression, poverty, and prejudice. Whose dreams are smothered and buried in a life characterized by the anguish of survival.

One of Hughes most famous poems, “Harlem(Dream Deferred)” had a great impact by posing lots of questioning. According to critic Tom Hanson, this poem is just that simple because it gives a bunch of undesirable answers to the same question, “What happens to a dream deferred?” Hanson also says how this poem refers almost completely to an unsolved problem (Hanson, Harlem). The poem gives four rather unpleasant interrogatives and one declarative answer followed by the sixth possibility, “Or does it explode?” which is supposed to be a question to make a reader really think. There are several ways to interpret the meaning of the final line, and the most sensible explanation is, the African American community is “deferring dreams” and in doing so their dreams explode in terms of the chance to act is gone. Some may say Hughes presented an unattractive view

Langston Hughes was the most famous poet from Harlem, writing during the 1920’s and 1930’s. Hughes wanted to show the lives of the black community through his poems and the things they faced in America at that time like racism. He would compare the ways African American experience was different from the white Americans. At the time he was writing, slavery was over for sixty years already, but blacks were still treated unequally everyday. African Americans had a dream that was being held back from them, called a deferred dream. What is a dream deferred? Langston Hughes relates his sequence of poems, “Lenox Avenue Mural,” to this question. It is said that, “The “dream deferred” is the dream of African Americans: a dream of freedom, equality,

Second, the writer’s usage of symbols provides clear insight into Hughes’ message that dreams give value and purpose to our lives. The “bird” in stanza one is a symbol of liberty, courage, and delight. To explain, Hughes is simply saying, if one stops dreaming or pursuing dreams, then he or she will live a life that lacks value or purpose. In the second stanza, the speaker gives the reader an image of a barren field with frozen snow upon it, representing a life with no production. In general, Hughes is making it known to his readers, that anyone who does not hold on to his or her dreams, will live a barren, futile life.

"Does it dry up/like a raisin in the sun?" (2-3). suggest that a postponed dream will eventually be forgotten or fizzled out. The image of a raisin stimulates the reader's sight and taste senses. The dream is like a sweet grape which is fresh and new. If you set that grape aside (in hopes of coming back to it later) it most likely will be bitter, dried out, kaput, and

Langston Hughes uses a unique style, language, and diction to portray his point about dreams. “Does it dry up, like a raisin in the sun?”(2-3) This symbolizes a hardening, from a grape to a raisin. If a dream is destroyed it hardens the heart. It becomes useless just the like the dried up raisin. Hughes also suggests that maybe unrealized dreams are a "heavy load" which symbolizes a burden, something to heavy to bear, something that weighs a person down always. This poem is like the American Dream, if you do not pursue your dream right away it may slip away from you and eventually it will be gone. The American Dream can be fulfilled through hard word work and passion, it will not come easy. Everyone has the opportunity to grasp the chance to become successful through dreams and goals. Langston Hughes realized the importance of dreams and having those dreams torn apart. His poem, "Dream Deferred", uses strong images to create a picture of a negative and destructive outcome for a dreamer left unable to dream. “Nothing can stop a man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude”, Thomas Jefferson.

At this point the poem begins to talk about the lighter, but still negative effects of not completing a dream. The speaker implies that if the dream does not begin to rot it could “crust and sugar over- / Like a syrupy sweet.” This line compares not accomplishing a dream or goal to a sugary substance. If either of these is exposed for too long it would begin to form a rigid and stale crust along the surface. This hard crust would make the substance more difficult to use and could make the dream more difficult to achieve. A dream that is hard and separated is much harder to achieve, and this could lead to feelings of depression. These feelings would make the dream appear more complex and create a bigger struggle for the person to obtain their goals. The other image this

Rights were restricted African-Americans at this time, so this idea was relevant to the time period. The first image is seen after Hughes opens with, “What happens to a dream deferred?” (“Harlem” line 1) when he writes, “Does it dry up/Like a raisin in the sun?” (“Harlem” line 2-3). Hughes could be trying to get across the idea that if a dream sits too long without action, it may lose its vitality. Say an African-American at the time had a dream of opening up his own shop, but he had to buy the property from a discriminating white owner. If this person didn’t stand up for himself, what would happen to his dream? Would it just “dry up like a rain in the sun”? What Hughes is trying to say, is that if African-Americans don’t stand up for themselves, their dreams may turn into something withered away, dry, and lifeless. Whereas, for a white person, their dreams are fresh, juicy grapes that they can pick off at any time. This line Hughes uses helps bring an image of the lifelessness of dreams some African-Americans to readers’ minds in a negative tone, on purpose. The second image Hughes uses is, “Maybe it just sags/Like a heavy load” (“Harlem” line 9-10). In this image of a sagging heavy load, Hughes tries to reflect an image of a dream holding somebody down. This is the opposite of the cliche term of “reaching for the stars” if you have a dream. Hughes is trying to say that for some African-Americans at the time, dreams could keep some

In the poem, Hughes asks: "What happens to a dream deferred?

Much like a raisin is depleted of its substance under the sun, in the same way, a dream once filled with hope starts to dry up when it remains unaccomplished. A raisin is relatively an unpleasant version of its earlier form, which was once a grape filled with delicious fluids. Similarly, the person's feelings after some unaccomplished dream are withered, and hence, the person may become a lesser or less hopeful version of themselves. Hughes continues his poem by applying the image of feeling using a simile of an infected wound to the deferred dream in lines 4-5: "Or fester like a sore- And then run?"

When people’s dreams are further postponed there can be terrible consequences. Hughes utilizes simple words to create a much more profound meaning. These words are easy to comprehend, but each word and each question symbolize the difficulty that comes with dreams that cannot be obtained due to unfortunate circumstances. The tone of this poem is serious, and almost nostalgic. The speaker asks what happens if dreams are postponed and presents some likely answers to this question. The speaker asks if these delayed dreams dry up like raisins or if they fester like sores, if they perish like meat or if they become crusty, like syrup left out too long. They even suggest that these postponed dreams burden like a heavy load. At the end of the poem, the speaker asks if dreams explode if they are delayed far too long. All of these questions incite feelings of uncertainty.

It gives us an example of the resentment that is growing. People are getting more inflamed emotionally, just like the wound gets worse if not treated. It draws a clear parallel between people's emotions and the images of the sore. Just as an untreated sore will not heal, but get more infected, a deferred dream will not go away, but become more intense. A wound that gets worse will eventually start to smell bad. Hughes compares this to rotten meat. "Does it stink like rotten meat?" This image creates the idea that unrealized dreams will bring out the worst in men. It also means that for some the realization of their dreams will become less attractive.

As you read further into the poem it allows you to develop a clearer understanding of what Hughes is trying to express in the poem. It is stated that the dream may "crust and sugar over… like a syrupy sweet? He is stating that by not using or putting the dream into use had formed into crust, which is that hard material that is no longer useful because it is no longer pliable. The dream forced to sit idle hardens into an unusable substance of thoughts that have separated themselves from the goals and formed idle destructive thoughts that are crusted over with despair, doubt, anger, and hatred.

In the first poem called Dreams, Langston Hughes wrote this around the Harlem Renaissance era to uplift many black people. In the Poem he states “For if dreams die, Life is a broken-winged bird, that cannot fly”. This is means that dreams and goals gives one’s life the ability to soar to new places and if one does not dream it will be like a bird with a broken wing that will stay on the ground.

So he thinks about jumping. But he will be "dogged" if they see him if they see him die. So in this poem I think he is telling us that everybody has problems including Hughes. But in this poem he shows us that we should still push through and get through it.