Harvard Management Company

The Fortune 500 Company chosen for this paper is the Lockheed Martin Corporation. Lockheed Martin is a global securities and information technology company headquartered in Bethesda, MD. Lockheed Martin employs roughly 126,000 people in several facilities throughout the world. The company's main business is in research, design, development, manufacturing, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services. Lockheed consists of four operating units, or business areas, which consist of Aeronautics, Electronic Systems, Information Systems and Global Solutions, and Space Systems (LMC, 2011).

The Yale Endowment is known in the financial industry as a pioneer in using a combination of innovative asset allocation and active management to produce impressive long-term performance. In fact, the Endowment produced a 17.8% average annual return, net of fees, in the ten-year period ending June 30, 2007.1 This performance is particularly impressive given that, in recent years, the Endowment portfolio has carried less than a 40% weighting in equities. Instead, under the leadership of Chief Investment Officer Dave Swensen, the Yale Investments Office

“The Benefits of diversification are clear. Portfolio theory has played a crucial role in explaining the relationship between risk and return where more than one investment is held. It also enables us to identify optimal and efficient portfolios.”

(b) To determine Policy Portfolio by using mean-variance analysis. Given a variable number of expected portfolio return, we would choose our strategy from a set of minimum-variance portfolio basing on our tolerance for risk.

I strongly advocate tactical asset allocation process and diversification over several different income and growth strategies. I believe that risk management and protection of investor's endowment are major objectives. In my portfolio, stocks may occupy a large portion and the

I decided to do the second assignment. As I walked in to Target's store isles that have toys and games section for young children I noticed right away the division of color's for sections marketed to different genders. The first isle I walked into was full of vivid in bright pink and purple colors. The isle had toys most likely marketed to girls, since some of the toys consisted of dolls, princesses, small purses, kitchens, and babies. It never caught my attention how it's the packaging for such toys are full of pink color and how they stand out to show the toy. In addition, it's evident that such isle was intended to be just for toys who girls would be interested in because of the abundance of the pink color and how it's packaging it showed

Note: Final Sign Off can only be done when the student has completed both theory and practical components of the unit. (Please attach evidence of theory and practical at the back of the coversheet)

R/s Bradley was threatening workers that were working on the home. R/s Susan is staying her a hotel. R/s Susan had five day eviction for Bradley, he got extension to hold things up.

Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan............................... 2 Background .............................................................. 2 Risk Assessment ....................................................... 2 Portfolio Selection Analysis ...................................... 3 Optimal Asset Allocation.......................................... 4 Recommendations.................................................... 4 References ................................................................ 5 Exhibit 1.................................................................... 6 Exhibit 2

HMC’s aims to provide relatively predictable cash flows from the endowment to the different schools within the university. As stated in the case, “the general objective was to preserve the real value (adjusted for Harvard’s expense growth) of the endowment and its income distribution in perpetuity”. In recent years, the payout ratio (Endowment spending as a % of total Endowment value) has had a target range of 4.5% to 5.0%.

In order to find the optimal portfolio allocation, the group needs to find the portfolio structured with lowest risk under a given return. This can be achieved by applying Mean-Variance Theory and Markowitz model find the efficient frontier, which yields the most optimal portfolio under given returns. It can be expressed in mathematical terms and solved by quadratic programming. [Appendix A]

Instead of relying solely on external management, they allocate 68% of their endowment to internal management and the remaining 32% to outside asset managers. In order to do this, HMC employed 38 investment professionals and 148 other employees whose jobs were solely to manage the $19 billion dollars in total assets, of which $15.1 billion were endowment funds. This management strategy generated expenses of around $93 million dollars per year (49 basis points), and produced a real return of 11.3%, after expenses. This method of investment costs about 19 more basis points than a passive strategy and about 51 basis points cheaper than a typical active investment strategy using 100% outside managers. Harvard University opted for this strategy because it is cheaper than a traditional active management strategy while still allowing them the ability to adjust their risks taken and expected returns in order to remain on the “efficient frontier” of what return was required to meet their internal institutional goals.

Yale’s investment philosophy is one of the critical factors that played into the success of the fund’s performance in the past years. The philosophy is based on 5 principles: focus on equity, diversification, opportunities in inefficient markets, outside managers and alignment of manager’s incentives with Yale’s interests. In the paragraphs below I will discuss how each of these principles is reflected in the endowment’s asset allocation, as shown from Exhibit 1.

To reduce a firm’s specific risk or residual risk a portfolio should have negative covariance or rather it should have no variance at all, for large portfolios however calculating variance requires greater and sophisticated computing power. As such, Index models greatly decrease the computations needed to calculate the optimum portfolio. The use of such Index models also eliminates illogical or rather absurd results. The Single Index model (SIM) and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) are such models used to calculate the optimum portfolio.

According to the CAPM model:R_i=α+βR_m+ε, α represent the abnormal return gained by the portfolio. If the market is efficiency, the α has to be zero.