Hazard Identification

Lead poisoning is a serious and sometimes fatal condition. The poisoning is found in paints, toys, contaminated dust, and gasoline products. Children are the most vulnerable to lead poisoning because most of them use toy trucks or dolls which have paint and they are getting poisoned when they put them in their mouths a lot like most kids and toddlers do. Adults can also be poisoned but not as severe as children. Adults can get poisoned by lead and have muscle and joint pain, nerve disorders, digestive issues, and high blood pressure. That is not as severe as a child decreased in intelligence speech and language impairment, decreased bone growth, and kidney

What are some of the effects of the crisis? For any adult, lead poisoning can cause kidney problems, fatigue, lethargy, depression, and slower reaction time. However, adults require a higher level of lead in the blood to produce those effects. For pregnant women lead poisoning can can cause miscarriages and future health problems in a developing fetus. What about children? For children, lead poisoning affects the development of children's brains and nervous systems.

Children under six years old are very easily affected to the effects of lead. Even low levels of lead in the blood of children can result in: behavior and learning problems, lower IQ and hyperactivity, slowed growth, hearing Problems and anemia; lead can accumulate in our bodies over time, where it is stored in bones along with calcium. For pregnant women, during pregnancy, lead is released from bones as maternal calcium and is used to help form the bones of the fetus. This is particularly true if a woman does not have enough dietary calcium. Lead can also cross the placental barrier exposing the fetus the lead. So lead can cause serious effects to the mother and her developing fetus, including: reduced growth of the fetus and premature birth. And for other adults, lead can also be harmful, it can cause cardiovascular effects, increased blood pressure and incidence of hypertension, decreased kidney function, and reproductive problems in both men and

The effects of prolonged exposure to lead will result in lead poisoning. It causes behavior problems, hearing problems, kidney damage, and slowed body growth (Heller).

When lead enters the human body, it is distributed to the brain, liver, kidney and bones. It is deposited in the teeth and bones where it accumulates over time. Exposure to high levels of lead may cause anemia, kidney and brain damage. Lead exposure can also cause miscarriage and infertility. The effects are even more severe in children. Lead can affect children’s brain development resulting in decreased intelligence quotient (IQ), shortened attention span and increased antisocial behaviour. At high levels of exposure, lead may attack the brain and central nervous system, causing coma. Children who survive severe lead poisoning may continue to suffer mental retardation and behavioural disorders. Furthermore, pregnant woman exposed to lead can

Children with developing bodies are especially vulnerable because their rapidly developing nervous systems are particularly sensitive to the effects of lead. Blood lead levela exceeding 60 ug/dl causes brain swelling and hemorrhaging. Almost all children in the United States have been exposed to lead one point in their lives. Common sources included lead paint and lead contained water

Once used for varying applications, lead is now known for its toxicity in the human body. Dr. Gary Goldstein, the chief executive of Kennedy Krieger Institute wrote, “Exposure to excessive amounts of inorganic lead during toddler years may produce lasting adverse effects upon brain function (Goldstein 1990).” Lead poisoning awareness has become increasingly prevalent in the American government, with lead poisoning testing recommended as early as nine to twelve months of age (Health and Human Services 2011). This paper will explain briefly lead’s history and industrial uses, as well as give an in-depth analysis on lead’s exposure to children and how it affects their developing brains.

You definitely deal with lead poisoning if you have the following symptoms: abdominal pain, constipation, joint pains, muscle pain, high blood pressure, headaches, memory loss, mood disorders, reduced sperm count, abnormal sperm, declines in mental functioning, and numbness or tingling of the extremeties. Furthermore, if you are pregnant and deal with miscarriage or premature birt, this could be because of the lead. It is essential to recognize the symptoms of lead poisoning, so that vyou can follow the right treatment in order to stay healthy.

Using dishware that has lead in it can also expose adults, and children for that matter, to lead. Construction workers may come into contact with lead when they are renovating or demolishing older houses that have lead based paints. It is also important to note that adults and children may become exposed to lead when they eat wildlife killed with lead ammunition. Adults with elevated levels of lead in their blood may experience hypertension, reproductive issues, and decreased kidney function (EPA, 2016). Pregnant women who are exposed to lead may experience premature birth, miscarriage, stillbirth, or even deformities of their babies (WHO,

“Lead was used in many consumer products until it was phased out in the early 1980’s. Lead can be found in the soil, soot, tap water, herbal medicines from other countries and lead- based paint” (CDC, 2010. Paint in homes built before 1980 became a hazard when it peels and chips. The route of exposure is through inhalation and oral ingestion. Babies are more vulnerable because of their size, make up and behavior” (Davis, 2007). These babies are not responsible for their actions which makes the care givers not only responsible for their own safety but that of their children. “Statistics have shown that although people can be exposed to lead in the USA, most of the infants diagnosed with lead are from foreign born parents. In 2009, 47% of the pregnant women identified with blood lead levels (BLL) > 15ug/ dl, were born in Mexico” (Farley, 2010). “When mothers are exposed to lead, it passes through the placenta and affects the fetus. The current CDC target blood lead level for children under six years of age is 10ug/dl” (CDC, 2010). Even to small levels of BLL can cause health and developmental issues. Along with

Lead exposure less than one hundred years ago had several exposure-sources to humans through many daily appliances, tools, homes, and substances. Gasoline, paint, water, and pottery were main environmental exposures of lead before the late 1970’s when the U.S. banned the use of lead in most of these sources. A number of developing countries still permit the use of lead on house appliances and pottery. Lead is associated in causing central nervous system effects, as well as other debilitating effects even when consumed with low levels. One of the most common environmental pediatric health problems in the U.S. is lead poisoning. In the 1980’s, approximately 4 million children exposed to lead had blood lead levels high enough to cause adverse

Lead is usually found in the form of minerals where it combines with other elements such as sulphur (PbS), (PbSO4) and oxygen (PbCO3) (Wuana & Okieimen, 2011). The major sources of lead are from coal burning, pesticides, and waste incineration. Lead accumulation in the body may affect the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, kidneys, and even death (Marfo, 2014). Lead also causes impaired development and mental retardation in children. Lead poisoning frequently affects children between one and three years old in the United States and rarely affects adults. According to NORD (2006), statistics showed that in the last 20 years, the number of children with harmful blood lead levels in the United States has fallen 85%. The permissible

Lead is extremely dangerous to humans, especially in children because their entire bodies are still in the developmental stages of life and has less body mass than adults. Consequently, the brain and nervous systems of children tend to readily absorb lead. Unfortunately, Lead in the children's blood streams tends to manifest as Lower IQ and hyperactivity, behavior and learning problems, slowed growth, hearing Problems and anemia. In some cases, seizures, coma, and even death may occur (“Learn about Lead,” 2015).

There are many different types of elements that affect people in many different ways. Lead is one of them. Lead is a naturally occurring metal that can be dangerous to humans but thankfully there are ways to protect yourself from lead. People can be exposed to Pb or lead in a variety of ways. Once it is taken in, it has some nasty effects. There are also ways to protect people from lead.

Despite the documented reduction in the general population’s exposure to lead , research continues to demonstrate significant increases in risk of adverse outcomes in both children {Wigle, 2005 #96;Lanphear, 2005 #18} and adults {Guallar, 2006 #32;Lustberg, 2002 #59;Navas-Acien, 2004 #60} at low blood lead levels. In addition, millions of people carry elevated body burdens of lead, from past exposures, that may induce present and future health effects {Nash, 2003 #99;Nash, 2004 #100}. Given continued uses of lead by human societies (primarily for batteries and lead smelters ), the persistence of past uses (such as house paint, automotive fuels, and plumbing), further understanding of the negative health impact of lead remains a public