Hazards Of Childbirth

Life is often hard for most of the people, particularly women in general as they are the ones who are still considered as a “weaker gender.” It is hard for those poor women in developing countries like Afghanistan, who cannot afford basic needs such as clothing, shelter and transportation. Women are titled as care-givers. Although, life consists of many challenges and obstacles that everybody goes through, the way one approaches such challenges and reacts to it varies from person to person. Also, overcoming such hardships of life strengthens one’s soul and it enables them to reveal their inner strength and true character. In Afghanistan, in order for a woman to survive, she must handle adverse situations both physically and emotionally.

Maternal mortality represents more than the loss of lives for individual women, as it also reflects the larger value and prioritization of women 's health and threatens the health and survival of families, young children, and even the communities in which they live (Royston and Armstrong, 1989). Maternal mortality is unacceptably high (WHO, 2015b). Globally, approximately 830 women die every day from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications (ibid.). The causes of maternal mortality are predominately preventable and can be classified into three fundamental causes: (1) medical - consisting of direct medical problems and pre-existent/coexistent medical problems that are aggravated by pregnancy, (2) underlying - social and legal conditions, and (3) health systems laws and policies that address availability, accessibility, and quality of reproductive health services (PHP et al, 2011).

"And in Afghanistan, 85% of women are illiterate and 50% of girls are married or engaged by the age of 12."("Life as an Afghan women”, n.d. para 1)

In Afghanistan, most women will have at least one child by the age of 20 ("Field Listing :: Mother's Mean Age at First Birth." ). This means that some could still be in their teens when they get

Unlike our culture, where women often choose whether or not to have children, including what age this happens at, Iraqi women are expected to produce children as soon as possible, usually shortly after marriage. They take pride in their ability to bare children, and are often depressed and shamed when unable to do so. Women who are unable to conceive children are often seen as inferior as both woman and wife, the inability to conceive is seen as entirely the woman’s fault. They take it so seriously that barrenness is grounds for divorce. (Fernea, page

There are several physical traumas that a baby and expecting mother may endure during childbirth as well as the expecting mother may undergo psychological traumas during and after her pregnancy. In this paper, there will be explanations of the more severe cases the mother may exhibit during and/or after her pregnancy. Information on treatments and recovery of such traumas will be discussed as well as causes and some of the more common birth injuries to the baby will be explored.

In 2013, 289 000 women died during pregnancy and childbirth and it was estimated that everyday 800 women all over the world died from childbirth or childbirth-related problems (World Health Organization, 2014). Often, maternal mortality is found to occur more often in developing countries than developed countries. Maternal mortality refers women who died from the situation like during pregnancy, termination of pregnancy within 42 days, regardless of duration and place of pregnancy, from aggravation caused by the pregnancy or pregnancy management (Nwagha et al, 2010). Maternal mortality may be resulted from direct or indirect cause. Direct causes are from obstetric complications of pregnancy, labour, and puerperium, and interventions whereas indirect causes are from the worsening of current conditions by pregnancy or delivery (Givewell, 2009). This paper aims to examine the causes for maternal mortality in both developed and developing countries and will end with a proposal for government to ensure women are given reproductive health rights.

When a mother is expecting a child, she is responsible for taking care of herself as well as the baby. When a woman chooses to put her life as well as her babies in jeopardy, then she should face criminal persecution for doing so. Evidences shows that when doing drugs, drinking, or smoking when pregnant poses a higher risk for having a child with potential life threatening disorders. Given how many different programs are possible through government aid, rehab and counseling there is simply no way to argue that babies should be born with higher risks for birth defects. Especially as women get older, the risks also goes up higher for potential newborn problems. To increase these risks is simply irresponsible and should never be allowed to happen. These disorders will also raise the costs of healthcare for the baby and potentially for taxpayers to pay, should the mother not be able to pay for those herself. Charges should be brought upon her should any of these action be performed and result in harm to herself or the future of her unborn child.

      Throughout the years, our brain shape has changed in result of the nutrition received. The amount of nutrition received is the biggest factor with regard to the change in brain size. Therefore, the sufficient nutrition increased the size of the brain. In result, the increased brain size created advanced cognitive functions.

Chapter four had very interesting information when it came to prenatal care, complications during birth and, new mothers. The first main point is prenatal care which is very important for the mother. When the mother is on her first trimester they have many benefits, they will learn on what they have to eat and what they have to do also what they have to avoid. The second main point, is the complications of birth. Any birth can be complicated but young mothers can be more at risks during childbirth. Also by a baby being breech it can cause a emergency c- section where the mother is rushed to the emergency room and is having a c- section. Breech is when the child is not in the position that he/she has to be, their head has to be down in order

According to the Ohio Supreme court documents, the two EMTs responded to an ongoing labor in a residency. When the EMTs arrived the premature baby was breathing and had a pinkish color. The EMTs cut the umbilical cord, covered the baby in a towel, and performed oxygen blow-by.

What I liked about this topic was how eye opening it was. This topic really showcase the struggles that come with being pregnant, whether they are physical or mental. I liked this episode of the podcast because of the wide range of topics that was covered, which made it very enlightening. And there was nothing on this topic that I didn’t like or enjoy.

In the western world, the process of labour and birth is becoming highly medicalised with a greater number of interventions and a rise in the number of caesarean sections performed (Walsh & Devane, 2012). With this in mind, it is important to examine the reasons behind this, and whether particular models of care demonstrate differences in the safety, rights and self-determination of the woman. This paper will also consider the influence of environmental and cultural factors and the impact of these in labour and birth.

Maternal sepsis is preventable, yet remains the leading cause of maternal death worldwide, according to a study published in 2013 (Acosta & Knight, 2013). Early recognition of symptoms and implementation of correct treatment is key to prevent mortality. A break in nursing education can prevent prompt treatment to patients. Given that pregnant women are more vulnerable to infection and susceptible to serious complications, makes a clear understanding of maternal sepsis imperative (Joseph, Sinha, Paech, & Walters, 2009). The purpose of this project was to determine if there is a need on Memorial Hospital’s LDRP unit for more education related to maternal sepsis. Memorial Hospital, located in York, Pennsylvania is a small

Afghanistan is a patriarchal entity, where in other countries in the region where male family member are the ones who make the decisions for themselves and their household. The role of being a male is that they are the minds of the women, whether it the female 's father, brother, husband, and possibly the brother-in-law. The male is the head of the households they are responsible for the way he is represented and is expected to take all major decisions regarding his family. Marriages in Afghanistan are arranged by the families of the marrying couple. Unlike in the United States where there relationship are initiated by the man and the women themselves. Women are married off before they reach puberty, to men who are