Hbm Model Research Paper

My phenomenon of interest is: The effect of health promotion on the outcome of African- American heart failure patients. Heart failure is fast becoming prevalent among African -Americans due to high incidence of CAD and hypertension. African Americans have the highest mortality rates from chronic diseases. Evidence depicts health promotion as vital to the outcome of heart failure patients. The role of nursing in health promotion has been shown to promote positive outcomes such as adherence, knowledge of illness and improved quality of life. There is a need to decrease readmission and mortality rates in African American heart failure

According to Healthy People 2020 (2014), diabetes affects over 29 million people in the United States, with another estimated 28 percent of the population having undiagnosed cases. Of those at risk, African Americans are almost 2 times more likely to be diagnosed as opposed to their Caucasian counterparts. Many preventable associated factors include limited knowledge regarding disease processes, healthy diet, and limited knowledge of one’s own body. Our goal is to provide our African American community the opportunity to learn more about diabetes and how to reduce the risk of type II diabetes and signs and symptoms of diabetes during a community event.

Heart disease is the number one killer of women and the leading cause of death in African-American women.1 African-American women have higher rates of heart disease with earlier onset and more severe complications than women from other ethnicities. A common strategy to address the increase incidence of heart disease in African-American females is by changing their behavioral attitudes towards diet and physical activity. The Heart Truth, a science-based health education program launched in 2002, sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), a part of the National Institutes of Health, helps increase awareness about heart disease and its risk factors in women.2 It also aims at educating and motivating the women to take action

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines High Blood Pressure as the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries, which carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body. Blood pressure normally rises and falls throughout the day. But if it stays high for a long time, it can damage your heart and lead to health problems. High blood pressure raises your risk for heart disease and stroke, which are leading causes of death in the United States. One out of every three adults over the age of twenty- that’s nearly eighty million Americans have high blood pressure. What’s more interesting is that nearly twenty percent don’t even know they don’t have it. Consequently, African American suffer more from this disease than any other race. According to the American Heart Association, forty percent of African American men and women have high blood pressure (AHA, 2016). Notably, adults twenty years and older consist of 42.6 percent are men and 47.0 percent are women that have this illness. For years’ researchers, have tried to understand why High Blood Pressure affect the African American at a higher rate than others. As a

The problem identify at the facility New Community in Newark, New Jersey is the lack of exercise programs in the community. In addition, there is a lack of participation among the patients that are physically capable to join in the daily exercises. The facility has an exercise program that they offer, but the patients are reluctant to participant during the times they offer it. The patients have stated that they are unable to perform the exercises or the exercises are uninteresting.

Health prevention has become more of a focus since the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and many different organizations have become involved in the pursuit of healthier lifestyles. Ethnic communities have become involved in supporting a healthier lifestyle because of the disparities that minorities have experienced with healthcare up until this point. Research has shown that minorities experience higher rates of preventable hospital stays, longer stays within healthcare facilities, and experience more medical errors with serious health consequences (Betancourt, 2014). Communities are focusing on social determinants or conditions within the environment that an individual live in to better all aspects of a healthy lifestyle (Healthy People.gov, 2016). One community based initiative that focuses on social determinants to improve health is Healthy People 2020.

Components of a fitness assessment would include a medical history form, analyzation of risk factors, informed consent form, and suggestions to some form of an actual fitness activity test. This is very useful information as to the existing health status and appropriate procedures to gradually improve present health status. This type of medical care must be made available to obese African American women of the lower socioeconomic level especially since that is a effect obesity.

The physical activity intervention, at public housing or underserved areas is a great initiative to target African-American women living in such areas. For example, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a 6-month individualized exercise program for the underserved African American women in southeastern rural county in Alabama, one of the 13 states that is reported to score worse than average on health status for women.2 The study offered gym access in a

“Strengthen community action”- The purpose of the health promotion program is to empower the local people to initiate on taking control over the social events which influence their lives and health (Rootman, 2001) Program design provides the sense of empowerment-based when the community members are involving in from planning to evaluation stage (Laverack & Labonte,

Moulton, S. A. (2009). Hypertension in African Americans and Its Related Chronic Diseases. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 165 - 170.

The 10 FHA’s used a curriculum that was initially created to evaluate Native Americans. This curriculum was then adapted for the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) study. The REACH curriculum was used to reduce the risk factors associated with diabetes, decrease diabetic complications, encouraging diabetes self-management comprehension, increase self-efficacy, and self-motivation. Topics such as understanding of eating healthy, cooking, physical activity, and stress reducing components were also incorporated in the REACH study. Respondents met for five 2 hour group sessions every four weeks with the 10 FHA’s in a local community center from June to October. Classes were held in English and Spanish and respondents were

Various studies on the health conditions of American demographics have provided supporting evidence for the aforementioned statement. Specifically, Flegal, Carroll, Ogden and Johnson’s study (2002) found that the obesity rates in the United States had been rising steadily since the 1960s (Flegal, Carroll, Ogden and Johnson, 2002). Particularly, the rates of obesity among female African American population were significantly higher than their white counterparts (Flegal et al, 2002). Gates and Macdonald (1997)’s study also identified the dietary habits of African Americans as the crucial factor leading to higher prevalence of cardiovascular illness among African Americans as female African Americans consumed a significantly higher level of cholesterol than their white counterparts (Gates, Macdonald, 1997). Catherine-Jen, Brogan, Washington, Flack and Artinian (2007)’s study focusing on symptoms of hypertension among African Americans found the rates of obesity to be significantly higher in their focused group of participants than the general population with hypertension (Catherine Jen, Brogan, Washington, Flack, Artinian, 2007). Thus, it is possible to make the connection that African Americans’ marginalization from the mainstream society could be attributed to

Participants had to complete informed consent, be over eighteen years old, free of serious medical conditions or disabilities that would make changes to physical activity or diet difficult, and attend church more than one time a month. Churches participating in the program were trained to implement intervention activities that focused on physical activity and healthy eating. The program was to target availability, physical structures,

One of the models WISEWOMAN follows is the Precaution Adoption Process Model because an individual is usually unaware or unengaged about cardiovascular disease symptoms, or they are unengaged in the opportunities and services provided. Another model WISEWOMAN follows is the Health Belief Model because when an individual realizes they could be at risk for heart disease that will create fear, or severity. The benefits or cost for women participating in this program ensures more participants to follow through because those who qualify for the program do not pay or pay at a very low cost.

The main strength of the HBM is its use of simplified health-related constructs that make it easy to implement, apply, and test (Conner, 2010). The HBM has provided a useful theoretical framework for investigating the cognitive determinants of a wide range of behaviors for over three decades. Again, it has focused researchers’ and health care professionals’ attention on variables that are prerequisites for health behavior. Hence, it has formed a basis for many practical interventions across a range of behaviors (Jones et al., 1987). However, it’s not without some