Hcs/245 Respiratory Disease Paper

developing countries but also in developed nations. It has such a detrimental effect that it has seen an increased mortality in the past few years and it’s the leading cause of death in people with HIV. A report by CDC (2015) states that in 2014 the disease infected a third of the world; 9.6 million people around the world were diagnosed with TB disease with 1.5 million deaths worldwide (Tuberculosis, 2015).

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria “Mycobacterium Tuberculosis” and is mainly causes infection of the lungs (WHO, 2016). Its mode of transmission is airborne, so it can be passed on by inhalation of airborne droplets which carrying the bacteria, when an infected patient coughs, sneezes, or spits the TB germs into the air (WHO, 1026). Among the symptoms of active TB are: cough with sputum and blood, chest pains, weakness, fever and night sweats (WHO, 2016). Most at risk to get the TB infection are people with weakened immune system such as people who are suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, severe kidney disease, silicosis and especially HIV infection (CDC, 2016). Children and Tobacco users are also at greater risk to fall ill with TB.

Tuberculosis is a chronic necrotizing granulomatous disease/ infection caused by the acid-fast bacillus (AFB) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a group of rod-shaped organisms, as small as 2 to 4 micrometres. They are known as "acid-fast" bacteria because of their resistance to acid solutions in laboratory tests. Isolating and identifying tuberculosis bacilli was impossible until this attribute was understood and hence gave rise to alternative and new testing techniques. Tuberculosis most commonly attacks targets the lungs, and in cases of extra pulmonary sites, it targets the pleura, bones, lymph nodes and joints.

Tuberculosis or TB is an infectious disease in which there is a growth of nodules (tubercles) in tissues and lungs.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe airborne pathogen that is highly contagious and listed as one of the top 10 causes of death around the world. The bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes TB, and it most often affects the lungs. Other bacterial members of TB include Mycobacterium africanum and Mycobacterium boris. The Mycobacterium africanum is most common in West African countries and causes of a quarter of TB cases in Gambia. Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and africanum have similar symptoms. ___________

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered to be a leading cause of infectious lung disease, and considered the foremost cause of death due to a single microorganism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). According to the latest WHO report, there were around 9.6 million new TB cases emerging and 1.5 million deaths caused by TB in 2014. Furthermore, the number of cases with latent TB, who are asymptomatically infected by MTB, was estimated to include one third of the world population, which corresponds to more than two billion individuals. (1) The disease is further complicated with the development of drug resistance and co-infection, which sets a huge obstacle for TB treatment.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world’s most fatal diseases. One third of the world’s population is infected with TB. Tuberculosis is the primary killer among people infected with HIV. TB has been reported in the United States since 1953. Although, mortality information suggests we have learned to manage the disease overtime, people with TB can die if they do not acquire proper treatment. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention over nine thousand cases have been reported with TB incidences in the United Sates in 2012; over eighty-four thousand was reported in 1953. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease mainly affects the lungs, but it may also infect other body tissues and organs.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that originates from the specific bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB typically affects the lungs the most by manifesting into pulmonary TB, but there is always a potential for any body parts to get affected by said bacteria. Transmission of TB occurs when individuals with active pulmonary TB cough, spit, or sneeze, which has the potential to release aerosol droplets of TB infected saliva. This makes TB a highly infectious disease with a plausible likelihood that it could spread rampantly if the conditions were proper for bacterial transmission. In addition to manifesting in infectious manners, TB is quite closely linked to overcrowding and malnutrition which infers that it occurs at higher

Tuberculosis (TB) is an acute or chronic bacterial infection caused by several micro-organisms, of which the most common is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) also known as tuberculosis bacillus. Worldwide, TB is responsible for the most causes of death out of any infectious disease. It is currently estimated that two billion people, globally, are infected with the disease among which there are 15 million infected people in the United States. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) (2014), in 2013 worldwide, nine million people exhibited signs for active TB while one and a half million deaths were attributed to the disease. Although modern vaccines and antibiotics have greatly decreased the mortality rate of the disease, the

This paper contains information about the communicable disease known as tuberculosis. The “American Heritage Dictionary” defines tuberculosis as a disease of men and animals caused by microorganism that manifests itself in lesions of the lung, bones, and other parts of the body. (American Heritage Dictionary: pg. 1301). This paper contains a summary of the history of the disease, the cause of the disease, ways to prevent the disease, and the medication and treatment for the disease. This disease has been around for a long time and there is still no cure for it only treatments.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that affects the lungs. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. Before the 19th century the frequency of TB was relatively unknown its incidence is thought to have peaked between the end of the 18th century and the end of the 19th century.

Tuberculosis is a very known disease worldwide. Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease illustrated by the expansion of the tubercles that are in the tissue, mainly in the lungs. This disease is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is a rod shaped bacterium. Tuberculosis has claimed its victims throughout much of known human history. It reached epidemic proportions in Europe and North America during the 18th and 19th centuries, earning the sobriquet, Captain Among these Men of Death (Daniel, 2006).

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection that most commonly occurs in the lungs. It was originally called “susica”, coming from the Greek word for “consumption”. The causative agent, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb), was discovered by the hands of the famous scientist, Robert Koch. Koch was able to discover the causative agent of TB in 1882 to be the rod-shaped mycobacterium tuberculosis, and its pathology. The means of transmission of this disease is through airborne particles. In addition, much work was done in the field of TB by Dr.S.Kukric, who worked in clinics, lectured on the subject of tuberculosis to raise awareness and also produced a number of research papers about TB. He was also involved in TB diagnosis through tuberculin skin tests around the time of the First World War, though it is noteworthy to mention that the application of anti-TB drugs didn’t start until the mid-20th century, just before the development of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The following will aim to provide an overview of Tuberculosis, including epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, pathogenesis & immune response, treatment & vaccines and the control of TB.

Infectious diseases can attack the human body in many forms and varieties. Tuberculosis is one type of these infectious diseases that is a bacterial infection which spreads throughout the lymph nodes and within the bloodstream enabling it to affect all organs in the human body, commonly termed TB. TB is caused by the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The M. tuberculosis complex includes the species M. africanum, M. bovis, M. canettii, M. microti and M. tuberculosis, these can be broken up into numerous subspecies Though, it is commonly seen in the area of the respiratory system in the lungs and those infected, (due to the bacteria in tuberculosis is able to live in inactive form), causing one who has manifested the disease to not have symptoms. (What is Tuberculosis)

Tuberculosis or TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacteria are aerobic bacteria, which do not form spores and are non-motile. They are curved, intracellular rods, and have cell walls made of glycolipids and phospholipidglycans that protect them from lysosomal attacks. TB is one of the world’s deadliest diseases. Approximately one out of three people worldwide are infected; in 2014, 9.6 million people were diagnosed with TB and there were 1.5 million deaths (CDC, 2014). This disease is highly contagious, and although the number of cases reported has decreased, the decrease was smaller than in previous years. New strains of drug resistant TB pose a threat to the global population as a whole; less than half of those diagnosed with drug-resistant TB are successfully cured.