Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump: A World Heritage Site

New South Wales West locates one of the greatest archaeological sites in Australia’s history, that is, Lake Mungo.

There are 11 Aboriginal archaeological sites within the City of Boroondara, two of which are Aboriginal historic places that are registered with

Kangaroo Point Cliffs are one of the most iconic places that highlight Brisbane city’s history along with the Brisbane City Hall and Story Bridge. These cliffs were known by Aborigines even before European settlers arrived in Brisbane. The development around the Kangaroo Point Cliff was started in the 1900s when roads were developed around the cliff. Today, the Kangaroo Point Cliff offers many adventurous activities such as rock climbing, kayaking on the Brisbane River, Segway tours, bike riding around the garden etc. The rocks found on these steep cliffs are known as the ‘Brisbane Tuff’. These unique pink and green stones were also used in building public buildings during the 1820s and 1830s. The very steep feature and gas holes on the cliff plays a significant role in identifying these cliffs a result of a volcanic eruption (Visit Brisbane, 2018). This essay analyses geological formation of Kangaroo Point cliff and the Brisbane tuff which the

Death by Theory, written by Adrian Praetzellis, is an engaging and informational book written in a novelistic way that engages the reader to think critically about archaeology. Compared to other forms of informational text about archaeology, Death by Theory teaches archaeological theory by telling a story that incorporates the different theories of archaeology in a realistic setting. While standard textbooks about the theory of archaeology can come off a bit dry, Death by Theory skips the standard definitions and applies this in a way that aids the reader in understanding how these theories and terms can be applied in an actual archaeological setting. This text illustrates the adventure of plucky archaeologist Dr. Hannah Green and her nephew Sean Doyle as they seek to explain an unusual archaeological site while dealing with real life archaeological struggles. The protagonists deal with an egotistical colleague of Dr. Green who sought her out as a consult on a particularly strange archaeological case. All the while dealing with cults, the media, and incompatible data.

When considering excavation methods, the location of the site has to be taken into account, as many archaeological methodologies can cause long-term damage to the site. So considering conservation strategies and methods is crucial. This directly applies to New Kinord, as the

There is close to 5000 Aboriginal sites in the Sydney region including rock carvings, ncluding rock art, shell middens, axe grinding grooves, ceremonial grounds, burial sites, stone quarries, fish traps and water holes.

Wurundjeri siting’s that have been linked to include ‘isolated artefacts and low density artefact scatters’ within their boundaries that were waterways, urban lands and rural lands extending from all Yarra Valley regions.

Archaeologists are now able to come together with natives and learn about the past as a team, getting more insight into ceremonials, traditions, sacred ritueals, everyday workings, and lifestyles of native peoples. Respecting the grounds and artifacts of these indigenous people is respecting their heritage- our universal heritage. The unfolding of information allows archaeologists to gain perspective on the people and land before the white

The Riversleigh fossil site is a part of the Boodjamulla National Park. The site was World Heritage listed in 1994. The fossil record of Riversleigh's habitats have greatly strengthened our understanding of evolution, origins, and the history of organisms. Many of the most abnormal and phenomenal organisms in the Australian fossil record have been discovered at the site. The sight contained about 30,000 footprints from a stampede involving nearly 200 dinosaurs. It sits on the south-western boundary of the Territory of the Waanyi Aboriginal clan. Riversleigh contains a collection of many fossils from around ten to thirty million years ago. Its record of mammal evolution spans of twenty million years in length at least. The fossils of thousands

They are standards against which we can scale human impact on the environment and foresee its probable effects. On the same date, UNESCO also declared it a World Heritage Site. Human history has spanned for over 2000 years in the Everglade, from the nomadic Calusa to the present-day settlers. This subtropical mosaic of astounding diversity is also a haven for over 36 threatened or endangered animal species.

To start off, a Natural History Museum is usually a place where the public can visit to obtain knowledge on the history of the earth and its inhabitants. Much about people’s culture and customs is found in a Natural History museum, especially people that have made a difference or played a role in history that we learn today. Therefore, the Indigenous peoples are represented in these precise museums. The indigenous people have various amount of customs that are even used today, however, the fact that many of their descriptions are led by the word “histor” or “ancient” almost makes the guests at museums believe that these indigenous people are no longer alive, and that is incorrect. The key objective for a Natural History museum is to simply help connect the understanding of human beings, connections based on culture, communities, to the earth and to each other. Precisely, The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles does not fully represent in depth the qualities that made the indigenous people so innovative, intelligent, and powerful; Therefore, the importance of the indigenous people is almost overshadowed by everything else that is presented at the museum. Overall, the indigenous people are represented here because of their

Native Americans are typically stereotyped in two ways. They are either portrayed as tree-huggers or as blood-thirsty savages. These stereotypes do not hold up for the Plains Indians since like any other civilization they are a diverse group of people.

First explored in 1938, the Head-Smashed-In Buffalo-Jump site in south-west Alberta, Canada is an archaeological goldmine. Named after a child who was watching the event unfold that was hit with a falling buffalo, HSIBJ site tells a gruesome story. As one of the oldest and most preserved kill sites in the world, HSIBJ is scientifically and anthropologically significant. For six thousand years, this site was used by “Plains People” as a hunting ground, herding multiple buffalo off of a cliff to their deaths, as a means of survival. The magnitude of the HSIBJ site helps shed light on the hunting patterns of other groups that are still in the area today.

This way it becomes easier to understand how vulnerable the things the world takes for granted are. Better understanding and insight of the value leads to appreciating it more, and provides a stronger awareness and protection of the environment and habitat of the ecosystem. Calculating a monetary value makes it even more powerful, because it seems like people have an easier time valuing services that have their economic value in numbers over services that have a moral value only described through the importance of them. Having a monetary value also makes it easier for governments to make reasonable decisions and policies about the ecosystem. But at the same time, putting an obvious price and financial value on nature makes it a ‘commodity’ that can be traded, which can put its biodiversity into dangerous, especially for rare species and habitats. (Valuing Ecosystem, Biodiversity

“Zoos try to make the animal’s enclosure as interesting as possible. One way of doing this is through ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT. Enrichment is the use of novel objects or ideas to increase the natural behaviour of the animals. Different objects and methods are used for different animals.” (1)