Comparison of “Truth” and ALERT Interventions
(a) Description The “Truth” intervention was a mass media public health initiative that aimed at revealing truths untold by the cigarette manufacturers and was specifically initiated by the American Legacy Foundation. In its most basic form it can be described as an antismoking campaign that mostly targeted young people and thoroughly deglamorized the smoking behavior. Through the television campaigns, the intervention highlighted several things that concerned effects of smoking behavior not only to the young people but also to the adults because it was using the mass media. Firstly, it openly laid out both the short and long term effects of smoking habit and tinted smoking as undesirable
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These two interventions have also been proven efficacious using randomized controlled trial (RCT) and the test period for both of them is 30 days.
Differences
One of the biggest differences between truth intervention and the Alert project is lies on the method they are carried out. For the case of the truth intervention, the message is encoded and transmitted via the media. Television is the channel through which the message reaches to both the young and the old though the major target is the young people irrespective of whether they are cigarette smokers or not. On the other hand, project alert is mainly concerned with instituting the campaign in the school curriculum. This way, it aims at targeting all the school going youths in the sixth and seventh grade. For the case of project alert, the curriculum takes two years but the assessment is a lifelong thing. By the end of the seventh grade, every grader should know all the facts concerning tobacco consumption. On side of the truth campaign initiatives, you find that age is not a factor of concern. The ads reach out to everybody regardless of the age. Nevertheless, there studies that shows that children and mostly teens watch a lot of television and thus are the most targeted. In addition, the analysis of the impact of the television is focused on young people and this makings it be concluded that the formula is also
In this report it will investigate at least three recent health education campaigns and use them to explain two models of behaviour change. The three recent health education campaigns will be ‘Smoke Free’, ‘Change4Life’ and ‘FRANK’. The two models of behaviour change will be the theory of reasoned action and the stages of change model.
In everyday life many people develop habits, but it is never too late to attempt to change that bad habit to live a healthier life. For this behavioral change project, I was asked to choose a health behavior that I would like to change for the better. So, I decided that I wanted to increase the amount of water I was consuming each day. The standard recommendation on how much water an individual should consume is about 64 ounces daily. However how much a person should drink is more individualized then one might assume. Therefore, for this particular project my goal was to at least consume 64 ounces of water daily as a baseline starting point. I also had to consider days when I worked out. So, I decided that I would attempt to increase that amount
Explain two models of behaviour change that have been used in recent national health education campaigns.
The P.E.R.I.E. process is illustrated in this case by the steps taken to address the issue of smoking rates in adults, being impacted by the rise in adolescent smoking behaviors. The first step of this process is the Problem. In this case, the text indicates, the problem is the growth rate of smoking teens in the 80’s and 90’s (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). This in turn, led to an increase in adult smokers. This would raise rates again, after previously lowering them by approximately 50% (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). The next step is Etiology. In this step we correlate smoking with cancer and the rise of adult smoking rates with the growth of adolescent smoking rates. This in turn, correlates adolescent cigarette smoking, to the rises in cancer (morbidity), and deaths from cancer (mortality). The case study also states, “…it was also found that nearly 90% of those who smoked started before the age of 18…” (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). It was determined through behavior modification (preventing adolescent smoking), the rate of adult smokers would reduce. Thus, recommendations were introduced. The case study reveals, adolescents were targeted in cigarettes advertisements and marketing (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). Cigarette availability was also an issue. Implementations of sales and advertisement campaign policies, were altered in reference to miners. The text reveals, once evaluated, strategies to reduce adolescent smoking
One of my first memories in the United States was taking a Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E) class. I was in sixth grade and a top student, as talking about drugs and alcohol and the way they affect us was fascinating to me. This is why, the following year, I volunteered to become a peer educator in Teens Against Tobacco Use (T.A.T.U). For a couple of years, I gave presentations to young students which included facts, demonstrations, and games, to spread the knowledge that tobacco is harmful and that staying away from smoking prolongs life expectancy and increases the quality of life. It should come as no surprise, then, that I consider myself a big proponent of staying tobacco-free and encouraging others to quit smoking as a great way to promote health. I remember watching my mom and sister as they took part in their nightly ritual of smoking a few cigarettes to unwind. “Did you know that a main component of cigarettes is used as rocket fuel?” I would ask them, as I opened the window and they stared back at me blankly. “We know, we know” was the answer every time. I knew that convincing them to quit was no easy task, but I was committed. Day after day, I proudly stated a new fact about the evils of smoking. Finally one day, they quit. At first, they attributed it to the cost. Since we had just immigrated to the United States, the cost of cigarettes was simply not something they could afford. I didn’t believe it. I proudly
Bill is a man that has dementia and lives with his niece Jane. He oftens asked the same questions regularly this annoys Jane because she thinks he is doing this on badness, so she shouts into his face this scares and she also pushes him onto his bed, this causes bruising to Bill. This abuse is both physical and psychological abuse. Physical abuse is abuse that hurts the person the body and psychological abuse is harming the person’s mental state. With some forms of abuse in the UK physical and psychological abuse are both at 0.4%. 37% of abusers are family members, the category that Jane is fitted in. While in the Republic of Ireland 1.2% psychological and 0.5% physical of people 65+ were abused.
On their website, they refer to themselves as the Truth because they keep it real. This peculiar campaign caught my attention due to the unusual color choice and rhetorical sense of humor. The mission of the Truth is to inform millennials that we can be the generation to end the use of smoking altogether. Just the concept of this idea has been mindblown, since they address to a whole generation of approximately, 75.4 million people. Nonetheless, the website they use to direct their attention to our generation provides manifold of data illustrating the impact they have done with rhetorical appeals, whether their audience uses tobacco or
The change models are change agents that could explain the ways of implementing a change process. These models explain the reason for the change, what to expect during the process and the way a change occurs. Thus, these models help one understand the various aspects of the change process (Agriculture & Life Sciences: Texas A & M University, n.d.). The transtheoretical model of health behavior change could explain my evidence-based practice (EBP) project implementation plan.
Thanks for the response. You make a lot of great points about change being hard for people. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change is a great example of how people move through behavior change. People move through five stages of when dealing with change. These include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, adn maintance (Melnyk & Fineover-Overhalt, 2014). Individuals can move through the stages in order and they can also move backwards. I was at a conference a couple of years ago where they were talking about how people move through change and how to help people be successful in dealing with change. Change is very difficult to deal with. I found it interesting that people always say that it takes 21 days
However, in the early 2000s, scientists and health specialists all over America began publishing research journals and propaganda stating how detrimental smoking was to one's life. Coincidentally, smoking rates and death also began to go down simultaneously. This propaganda paired with scientific facts provided by various laboratories, nicknamed anti-smoking propaganda, began to immediately change the atmosphere of smokers within America. Therefore, one must wonder how the changing trend in smoking-related propaganda and the newly introduced anti-smoking propaganda has affected its American populous. This research will analyze that exactly, and come to a conclusion on how the changes in smoking-related propaganda have affected the American populous.
Over the years we have seen a monumental change in the way society views cigarette smoking. At one time cigarette smoking was seen as a normal behavior and few regulations existed. However, as the associated health risks and anti-smoking campaigns have been introduced to the media, stigmatization of smokers has continuously risen over the years. Around the end of World War II, smoking was seen as a fashionable/trendy and effective stress reliever; today it is seen as socially unacceptable and often frowned upon. What most likely led to this radical change in opinion concerning cigarettes? The answer may lie in recent movements of anti-smoking legislation, decline in smoking prevalence, the increase in anti-smoking media such commercials and campaigns, as well as increased public health awareness as to the dangers of first and secondhand smoke (Pacheco, 2011). Groups even exist composed of anti-smoking activists that are dedicated to promoting an unfavorable image of smoking; one extreme example being the 1970’s group SMASH, the Society for Mortification and Smoker Humiliation, who suggested implanting explosives into cigarettes.(“Anti-smoking Hall of Fame,”
Cohen, E. L., Shumate, M. D., & Gold, A. (2007). Original: anti-smoking media campaign messages: theory and practice. Health Communication, 22(2), 91-102.
In the year of 1970, the government banned commercials promoting cigarette companies after the 1964 Surgeon General’s report found smoking increases the risk of lung cancer (Greens, Nasthisa). This is surprising due to how strong the culture of smoking was at the time. This ban however didn’t stop smoking from being depicted on popular movies and television shows. Forty-five years have passed and characters continue to smoke. What if the fact was thrown out there that the main audience for these shows are children? Smoking is a habit that becomes an addiction and seeing celebrities do it makes it seem acceptable. There are three key issues that need to be addressed by public health officials and, more importantly, by film industry executives: how the incidence of smoking in movies has accelerated during the past decade, do children who are exposed to televised smoking have a significantly higher rate of starting to smoke and also the health risks that come from smoking.
This proposed public health intervention is based on the conceptual framework developed by QUT and the AIHW, which considers the downstream, midstream and upstream determinants of health (Draper et al., 2004).
Nowadays in the present world smoking cigarettes has become a trend for every age of people and they take it as a fashion. A statistics shows that nearly $8.37 billion are used by the cigarette industries on advertising and promotions annually. And almost $23 million are used every day for the same purpose. The production and sale of cigarettes not only has negative impact on human health, it can even cause death. Because of smoking more than 5 million people dies every year and it will cause 8 million deaths annually by the year 2030. Though it is a very serious issue for the generation, no one is actually giving any care to this topic. However, these people tend to