Health Belief Model

A theory is a set of principles that help to explain or suggest ways to reach a behavior change (Hayden, 2014). There are different types of theories that help to provide a framework that explains and influence our actions and behavior. The importance of theory is that it looks at three levels of influence; intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community. Each level helps to explain behavior at how different factors can influence what we do and why we choose to do it. All theories should be applied in our lives with a positive intention. It teaches us to change a behavior that will help and benefit our health. A specific health behavior theory that best describes the connection between our success and failures, is the Health Belief Model (HBM).

Out of all the vaccine preventable diseases, pertussis challenges most infectious diseases in severity and importance in children. In 2014, the incidence rate of pertussis in the United States increased by 15%, with almost 33,000 cases reported (Centers for Disease Control, 2015). The bacterium that causes this illness attacks an unprotected immune by attaching to the lining of the respiratory system. After initial attack, begins the release of the toxins that prohibit the respiratory system from working functionally. Because of this, mucus builds up in the lungs, causing an uncontrollable cough that makes breathing difficult (Tan et al, 2005). This illness is very contagious and almost always deadly in children. However, it can be prevented with proper vaccination. This problem can be addressed with the Health Belief Model (HBM), which encourages preventive health actions in order to prevent unwanted adverse conditions, with the idea that action depends on the value and expectancy of the behavior.

“Effects of a Health Belief Model-base nursing intervention on Chinese patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial” is a study conducted by Wang et al. (2014) that utilises the HBM. This study aims to investigate the effects on healthcare outcomes in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by pairing scheduled follow-up sessions after discharge with a HBM-based nursing intervention. The use of HBM was to improve disease management by the patients especially in reducing COPD acute attacks. They hypothesised that this intervention will improve COPD patients’ healthcare outcomes which includes HBM’s health beliefs and self-efficacy, activities of daily

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a theory that attempts to predict or explain health behavior choices, specifically in the contexts of our assignment it is a way to help understand health behavior decisions. Some examples would be why do you wash your hair, or why we choose to eat the snacks and foods that we do. This theory was developed in the 1950s as a response to individuals failing to participate in a free Tuberculosis Screening Program in which social psychologists in the U.S. Public Health Service came up with a set of conditions or constructs, that must be addressed in order for an individual to change or modify their behavior. There are six constructs in the HBM “that predict whether and why people will take action to prevent, detect, or control illness conditions” (Glanz et al., 2015, p. 76). These are perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy. I chose to have a more high protein diet as my desired health behavior change, and will be applying the Health Belief Model in order to do so.

The Health Belief model is a psychological construct that is used to predict health behavior (see Figure 1). The two components of the model that are used to predict behavior are the perception of the threat and the perception of the benefits and barriers to taking action to reduce the threat. The perception of the threat is composed of two elements: the perception of seriousness of the threat and the perception of the susceptibility to the threat (Sharafkhani, et al. 30). As an example, if the individual believes that being overweight or obese will have a very negative impact on their health, then the perceived seriousness of the threat will be high. At the other end of the spectrum, if the individual believes that being overweight or obese will have little effect of their health, the perceived seriousness will be low. The perceived susceptibility to the threat is the extent to which the individual believes that the consequences of overweight or obesity applies to them personally (Sharafkhani, et al. 30). For example, if the individual believes that they are unlikely to become diabetic or to develop high blood pressure as a result of being overweight or obese, the perceived susceptibility is low. If, however, the individual has several family members who have been diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes, they would be more inclined to believe that they have a high susceptibility to the consequences of being overweight or obese.

The design for this capstone project consisted with the wishes and suggestions provided from the aggregates themselves. It was requested that electronic blood pressure monitors be available for easy access and are user friendly. They requested if a poster or a flyer would be available for them to have a point of reference regarding their numbers.

For this program, I will be using the Health Belief Model (HBM). This model is most appropriate for the students at Needham High School (NHS). The majority of NHS students understand that unhealthy eating behaviors can lead to becoming overweight, obese, unhealthy, and lead to other diet and lifestyle-related diseases. Most students understand that poor dietary behaviors, as well as lack of physical activity, can increase their risk of developing diseases, such as type two diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, certain types of cancer, joint problems, sleep apnea, and coronary heart disease. Many students understand the benefits of healthy eating and lifestyle behaviors, however barriers such as lack of time, busy over-scheduled lives, access to unhealthy foods (fast or processed), and the culture that surrounds high school students (going out to eat socially), directly impact their choices and behaviors. As a high school aged student (17-19 years), many do not perceive or feel at risk of many of the above listed health-related diseases. There is no real perceived immediate danger, therefore there is no observed risk. Many students indicate that they “think about changing”, however when faced with the decisions to eat out or on the go, the pressure to go and be with their peers prevails.

In the article Nonadherence and osteoporosis treatment preferences of older women: a qualitative study, Unson et al. (2003) outlines a qualitative study that involves focus group discussions. The purpose of this study is to show that physicians must have an understanding of patients’ medication beliefs in order to enhance medication adherence. This study examined how beliefs about medication and four osteoporosis treatments influenced treatment selection and adherence. The framework in the study is the Health Belief Model (HBM). Health Belief Model (HBM) likelihood of adherence to a treatment increases when a person perceives himself or herself to be susceptible to an illness, evaluates the illness outcomes as severe, and concludes that

A fall can result in the incapacitation of an elder and in some cases, death. A fall can also diminish and elder’s confidence to move about independently. Once an elder falls they are at a greater risk of falling. Elder’s may also develop a fear of falling, which can limit their mobility, and increased the risk of recurring falls. Falls affect both the victim and their caretakers and measures should be taken to prevent falls. Although not all risk factors can be eliminated may steps can be taken to reduce the amount of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Falling is one of the most damaging, and common accidents that affect elders, but it is also one of the most

B) The 5 constructs of the Health Belief Model I will chose are, the Perceived susceptibility, the Perceived severity, the Perceived benefits, the Perceived barriers, and the Self-efficacy. I would increase them all, because they are the 5 most important ones out of the 6 total and they will give the best results to the individual.

The Health Belief Model is used to anticipate and explain health behavior. Health belief model was developed in the 1950s by Social Psychologists at the US Public Health Services to describe and predict health-related behaviors. Through this model, nurses determine a patient’s health belief, the risk of diseases, and readiness in which patient is willing to take appropriate effort to make a healthy lifestyle change.

In reading this article the focus is on the danger of smoking and how it is directly related to preventable diseases such as heart and lung diseases. Smoking has always been proven to be troublesome when it comes to both first and second hand smoking. Both can affect you gravely as well as affect those around you equally. When it comes to adolescence teenage boys are more prone to smoke due to feeling pressured by their peers. When it comes to evaluating what public issues are most common amongst teenagers in school smoking is the number one culprit.

Although the importance of preventive health cares, many people do not behave in a manner that will look after their own health. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one relevant theory that claims to predict or control health behaviour .HBM was developed by researchers at US Public Health Service in 1974. Since the last comprehensive review in 1974, the Health Belief Model has continued to be the focus of considerable theoretical and research attention (Janz N,Becker MH,1984 and Harrison JA.el .MullerPD,1992 ) in long and short term behaviour, including risk sexual risk of behaviour and transmission of HIV/AID .This study is include

In addition to multimedia learning theory, the health belief model (HBM), delivers a basis for understanding what mechanisms contribute to behavioral modification. Five theories help to develop the essence of the concept, which is that “personal beliefs influence health behavior” (Hayden, 2014). These theories include perceived seriousness, susceptibility, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy. The model proposes that together these perceptions guide behavior.

Health Belief Model (HBM) The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The HBM was developed in the 1950s as part of an effort by social psychologists in the United States Public Health Service to explain the lack of public participation in health screening and prevention programs (e.g., a free and conveniently located tuberculosis screening project). Since then, the HBM has been adapted to explore a variety of long- and short-term health behaviors, including sexual risk behaviors and the transmission of HIV/AIDS.