Health Between Urinary Bpa Levels And Increased Body Mass

Obesity is a major public health concern in the United States and worldwide. Recent data suggest that more than 70% of the U.S. adults 20 years or older are overweight or obese (CDC 2016, CDC 2015). Obesity is associated with numerous serious health sequelae, including cardio- and neuro- vascular diseases, diabetes, and several types of cancer and incurs substantial medical costs (CDC 2015). Given the seriousness of the public health concern, there is great interest in the identification and mitigation of potential causes of obesity. As such, obesogenic environmental contaminants with widespread exposure and biological persistence is of great concern.

Phthalates are a group of chemicals that are used in hundreds of products. For example, phthalates are used in plastic products to make them more flexible, adhesives, raincoats, detergents, and cosmetics. They are also used in making carpets, vinyl flooring, blood-storage containers, IV tubing, and even some children’s toys. When ingested, phthalates are converted into metabolites (waste products) that pass from the body in urine. Though health effects from exposure to low-levels of phthalates is also unknown, some have been shown to have adverse effects on the reproductive system. A study done by Larsson, Weiss, Janson, Sundell, and Bornehag (2009) while researching development disorders and asthma in Sweden, accidentally uncovered a connection with vinyl floors and autism. Of the 4,779 children that were involved in the study, 72 were diagnosed with autism. One of the significant variables was that they had PVC flooring in their homes. During the 2003-2004 NHANES, urine samples were tested for phthalates. The CDC scientists measured 13 phthalate metabolites in the urine samples of 2,636 participants. This finding indicates that exposure to phthalates is widespread in the U.S., it also finds that adult women show higher levels of metabolites, most likely due to cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, and other personal care items.

Studies have been completed, showing that 10% of birth defects are caused by chemicals in industrial products.("Birth Defects and Environmental Causes." ) The chemicals in industrial products come from many things, however, food is one of the largest contributors to birth defects. Therefore, it is important that consumers understand how the industry 's use of chemicals can affect one’s, health through their use of packing, synthetic chemicals, and the alternatives to chemical filled foods.

Obesity is a huge problem around the world that affects both adult and children. “Body mass index (BMI) reflects the ratio of weight to height. As excessive weight builds, future health risks increase, average

The study was designed to assess and to determine if induced sweating may be a therapeutic potential to eliminate BPA from the body. Researchers found that sweating seems to be helpful in facilitating the release of BPA through the skin in order to eliminate the toxin from the body.

Like most other chemicals consumed daily, BPA poses great consequences if consumed in high doses. However, renown geneticist Patricia Hunt depicts that even the consumption of low doses of BPA is equally alarming. To explain, just at a low dose, BPA has the capacity to alter hormone balance. BPA’s close affinity with estrogen poses significant risk to our mental and emotional well being. Most importantly, estrogen plays an important role in basic necessities such as bone growth, ovulation, and heart functions. (7) Elevated estrogen levels increase a woman’s risk for breast cancer (5) Further, studies of low

There are chemicals plastic products and in cans. This chemical bisphenol-A (BPA) are in many products people use every day. People are exposed to this chemical on a regular basis except in small amounts and it is harmless but since it is in many products that we use it can cause harm to the human body. Some of these products are canned food, plastic, receipts, and it is in the air. Exposure to BPA can cause many health problems overtime because it is a carcinogen. BPA should be banned from being in products because of how poisonous it is to others health.

done on rats with exposure to BPA which shows that it raises levels of hormones such as

After reviewing and researching about 700 studies, the scientists came to a result that people are exposed to high levels of BPA which target infants and fetuses severely. Hence, the most vulnerable are infants and fetuses, which are in developing conditions.

Plastic Pollution Outline Thesis Statement: Plastic pollution is an ongoing issue that is quickly growing as time passes by, and if humans don’t try to put an end to it, it will affect them in the long term. It is a serious issue that needs to be addressed because it is affecting humans, animals, and the environment. Plastic pollution affects humans even if they don’t realize it. Plastic pollution harms people’s endocrine system. Chemicals like BPA and phthalates causes development problems.

Human Health and the Environment PCBs cause a range of problems with people. They can be carcinogenic and cause cancer. They also suppress the immune system. "Studies in animals and humans suggest that long term exposure to PCBs can suppress the immune system."("Wisconsin department of health services")

This news article is describing how or if drinking bottles that contain BPA effect your urinary levels. In a current study of college students they monitored the exposure or BPA. At first they could only drink cold beverages from stainless steel bottles. Then for a week they could only drink cold drinks only from two new research-provided polycarbonate bottles (McGovern, A 406). They took urine samples of the participants to compare it to the urine samples in the NHANES study. To McGovern, who wrote this article does say that not all polycarbonate plastics contain BPA (McGovern, A

TBBPA is mainly used as a reactive flame retardant in plastics, paper, textiles, and circuit boards. The general population can be exposed to TBBPA through inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion of fish and shellfish. TBBPA is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, then biotransformed to glucuronides and sulfates, and excreted through feces in animal models (Lai et al., 2015). TBBPA exposure levels in the general population have been examined in several studies. The serum TBBPA levels were below the level of detection (0.03 ng/L) in pregnant Canadian women but detectable in 5 % of the Inuit adults with concentrations up to 480 ng/L (Dallaire et al., 2009). In the United States population, TBBPA was found in approximately 35% of human

Similarly, Wang et al. (2012) investigated BPA exposure to see if it is associated with obesity in Chinese men over the age of 40. To measure obesity, the concentration of BPA found in urine samples was measured on a morning that was designated by Wang et al. (2012). Individuals were put into different groups based on concentration (ng/ml) of BPA in their urine as followed: first quartile 0.47, the second quartile 0.48-0.81, the third quartile 0.81-1.43, and the fourth quartile  1.43. Wang et al. (2012) then measured the circumference of each participant’s waist. The results were significant when compared to the men in the first quartile (P=0.028) (Figure 7.). Men with higher concentrations of BPA in their urine samples also had

The use of bisphenol A (BPA) in consumer products has been controversial and reemerging as a purported threat to public and environmental health. Since its first uses as a xenoestrogen in the early 1900s, BPA is now used extensively in plastics, food packaging, thermal receipts, and dental products. With estimated annual production of BPA exceeding 4 million metric tons, humans are exposed to BPA through a variety of routes, including ingestion through dietary sources, dermal exposure through thermal receipts, and inhalation of household dust (Michalowicz, 2014). Animal research models have extensively demonstrated the endocrine disrupting potential of BPA. Furthermore, correlational epidemiological studies in humans have