Health Care Policies During The United States

rehend the PPACA, one must understand the history of the United States’ health care system. The most successful and known reform would be the passage of Medicare and Medicaid. President Johnson’s main objective with his program was to provide health insurance to those over 65 years old, who otherwise wouldn’t be able to receive coverage due to retirement or being financially unfit to purchase health insurance. It has since been expanded to cover those with disabilities, and lower income families (“Overview,” 2015). Brady (2015) examines President Clinton’s attempt to massively overhaul health care in the United States. His plan, the Health Security Act (HSA), required employers to offer health insurance to their employees, and mandated that every US citizen purchase health insurance. This plan would have most likely expand health insurance to many more Americans; however, many feared the large tax increases, restricted options for patients, and with the lack of general support for the bill, it failed in Congress and was never implemented (p. 628). President Clinton’s failed attempt at health care reform opened up the door to future reforms, and it even shared multiple similarities to the PPACA. Smith (2015) updates the history of the health care system in America stating that “In the mid-2000s, America’s uninsured population swelled to nearly 47 million, representing about 16 percent of the population” and how “16 million Americans […] were underinsured” (p. 2). People

The 1940’s brought us the introduction of penicillin. President Truman tries to implement a single system for health care that would benefit all of America. The AMA abruptly turned his implementation down and actually referred as a “Communist plot” in the House subcommittee (PBS.org).

There are four evolutionary phases in healthcare. The first phase was the preindustrial era, which started in the middle 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. At this time, American medicine was not developing as fast as other countries; in Britain, France, and Germany, medical science and research was much more advanced than America. The postindustrial era began in the late 19th century, physicians in America were becoming more successful than others in the world. The third phase was the corporate era, which was marked by the growth of managed care, organizational integration, the information revolution and globalization. Finally, the fourth phase is the one in which we are in today, it is still fairly new and is characterized by the health care reform, which was brought about by the Affordable Care Act.

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Health care reform and health care itself has been a debatable subject for quite some time. Health care is a major issue that is found not only in the United States, but around the world. Controversy has gone around this subject due to the causes and effects of the reform and the matter of not being successful as many hoped. The World Prosperity Organization and the Institute of Medicine have two intriguing viewpoints about health care reform and what is needed to be done. The World Prosperity Organization touches bases on medical negligence, premedical education, money, mindset, medical school and the health care system itself. The Institute of Medicine focuses on the need for healthcare to be safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient and equitable. As the viewpoints are noticeably different, they still wrap around the idea that health care reform has room for improvement to be more successful and not have a negative impact on people around the world. The both agree that something needs to be done and done soon.

During the formation of the United States of America, the founding fathers had difficulty to agree on common issues due to their conflicting political stances. The intention of each political party is to form a solution that is in the best interest of the citizens in the U.S and of how to govern the US following its independence from Great Britain. It is safe to conclude that some Americans base their decisions on family affiliations rather than viewing each economic, social, and political problem differently to make an informed decision. The presidential nomination of then Senator Barack Obama marked the country's breakthrough in recent years during the 2008 election. Trends showed favoritism among the young, college-aged population when he ran for office his first time. He won their votes, along with other voters, based on general social and economic proposals he intends to solve. During the President's first and second term, his administration seeks to resolve the healthcare concern, a major political and economic problem, which is causing the country's deficit to swell. On March 23, 2010, President Obama (Whitehouse.gov, 2014) signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), commonly known as "Obamacare," into law. Unfortunately, the United States of America have not come to a unanimous agreement about Obamacare. All together it seems not every person will approve every presidential decision in the country, but Obama’s health care act has sparked some more

The timeline of U.S. healthcare history began with Early American medicine with Native Americans and common folk practices performed by settlers. Practices included herbal remedies, procedures such as “bleeding, blistering, and purging (Batnitzky, Hayes, & Vinall, (2014). Practices were based on theory and environmental contributors rather than diagnosis of treatment. The First Marine Hospital fund was signed into law in 1789,creating the beginning of organized medicine and facilities. The First Marine Hospital fund ensured military members and individuals with federal eligibility were provided medical treatment and preventive care. Funds in maintaining treatment facilities was acquired though payroll deductions. This treatment was provided at various hospitals and facilities. Through growth and expansion, treatment facilities were operated and maintained by military operations. In 1847, the American Medical Association (AMA) was founded by Dr. Nathan Davis. Standards and guidelines were determined for the education requirements for medical professionals, drug manufacturing, preventing disease, sanitation, and in providing higher standards of treatment and care (American Medical Association [AMA], 2015). In 1872, the American Public Health Association [APA] was formed in promoting prevention of communicable diseases. This was the next major breakthrough in reducing diseases such as smallpox, whooping cough, and other common diseases that highly spread. As advances in

In 2014, the U.S. health care spending increased 5.3% to $3.0 trillion, or $9,523 per person, a faster increase than the 2.9% in 2013. The spending increased due to extensive coverage expansions under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2014b). In 2014, Medicare spending grew 5.5% to $618.7 billion and represented 20% of the national health expenditure, a faster increase than the 3% growth in 2013. The spending increased due to prescription drugs, physician and clinical services, government administration, and insurance (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2014b). In 2014, Medicaid spending grew 11% to $495.8 billion and represented 16% of the national health expenditures, a faster increase

Two of the most important things to know about the evolution of U.S. health policy is that is has evolved in a specific manner based on U.S. historical context and that it is often times made ineffective and fractured due to the political process. The historical context of America’s founding and its value systems should not be ignored when attempting to address the development of health policy in our country (Stevens, Rosenberg, & Burns, 2006). One of the first health “laws” in the U.S. was declared in 1610 in the Virginia Colony of Jamestown (Tarter, 2012). The larger portion of the declaration order by Sir Thomas Dale focused on strict governance of the colony. One small portion of the declaration focused on sanitation and strictly forbid certain acts such as laundering soiled clothing, cleaning cooking supplies, and defecating/voiding within a specified number of feet of water sources or public spaces. It appears from the very beginnings of what would become our nation, the government’s role in health care was primarily focused on the sanitation portion of public health. However, there were early legislative examples of Congress passing laws that mandated a type of health insurance or coverage by those who worked in the maritime industries (Ungar, 2011). The legislation titled “An act for the relief of sick and disable seamen” required that those working in this specific industry pay 1% of their earnings to the federal government, and the government utilized this tax to

The implementation of the healthcare reform to the people throughout the United States provides healthcare coverage to all Americans increasing the accessibility to quality healthcare coverage making it more affordable for families. Throughout this paper I will discuss how effective the healthcare reform has been for the state of Pennsylvania, describing what the positive and negative outcomes are, and how the it has impacted the community health within my state. I will further discuss what effects the health care reform has had on economics in health care within my state.

Despite the responsibility of healthcare being a power of the states, the national government created a market for privately owned businesses to provide insurance under an umbrella known as “Obamacare”. Obamacare was primarily comprised of the Affordable Care Act, or AFA. The Affordable Care Act, created by the Obama Administration, was passed in March 2010 under the premise that healthcare should be more available to American citizens. These target citizens being the over 50 million who were uninsured for various reasons before the passing of this legislation. They were able to do this by expanding the affordability through various regulations, taxes, subsidies, and other

Healthcare legislation in the United States has been a hot topic for many years now, and the introduction of the so-called "healthcare law has" only invigorated that. While it is important for a healthcare professional to understand the impact of the larger healthcare law, it is also important to know how other bills before Congress impact patients and the economy as a whole. One such bill under consideration by the United States Senate is S.27 designated that "Preserve Access to Affordable Generics" Act (this was previously designated S.369 (Policy and Medicine, 2011)). The goal of this paper is to examine this bill as to economic impact, equity, administrative resources, and the role of the nurse.

Health care reform in the United States has a long history. Reforms have often been proposed but have rarely been accomplished.Future reforms of the American health care system continue to be proposed, with notable proposals including a single payer system and a reduction in fee for service medical care.

Every nation holds multitudes of health care policy facing debate. Analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of other countries could benefit the United States of America to create improvements. For decades, the right to health care in the United States has fueled public debates and social conversation. Should we implement the right similar to European policies? The United States struggles in agreement to start making changes, but we can develop plans from successes seen in Italy. Italy has achieved cost containment and patient coverage, which are two of the largest struggles within the United States health care system. This paper will outline Italian structure and policies to aid in the process of formulating a plan for positive changes by describing the following: finances and structure of Italian health care, disparities seen within Italian health care offered, the overall structure of the United States health care system and conclusion of suggestions to better our health care system.

Healthcare industry in United States has been an important industry for a long time. It is one such industry that has representation from both public sector and private sector. The current health care system is segregated and fragmented in America. Some states have very effective and efficient healthcare system while some states lack the desired infrastructure. The evolution of healthcare system in USA can be traced back to 1750. The period from 1750 to 1849 is termed as preindustrial period where the care of sick people was primarily handled by families (Brian, 2010). The period of 1850 to 1969 is termed as postindustrial period which reflects the growth of organized medicine and systematic healthcare delivery.