Health Care Type 2 Diabetes

Cynthia is a 65 year old African American female diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism. She is on glipizide 5 mg po daily to treat her type 2 diabetes. Cynthia revisited the clinic soon after the initiation of the treatment with symptoms of shakiness, sweating, chills, clamminess, lightheadedness and moderately severe headache. In this case study, Cynthia is exhibiting the symptoms of hypoglycemia as she is on sulfonylurea therapy. Sulfonylureas, such as glipizide commonly used as a second-line of therapy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), promote insulin release independent of prevailing glucose value and as a result,

We can and must prevent the preventable. The human and financial cost of not intervening will be far greater than the cost of intervening” (International Diabetes Federation, 2016). Basically, diabetes is preventable, it is one’s own will to have courage to fight and with the help of supporters there is no excuse in overcoming this disease. Diabetics are not alone, the American Diabetes Association provides planning meals, awareness programs, food recipes, the understanding of carbohydrates and many more supportive plans. In order to obtain a healthy lifestyle with no complications of any type of disease, it is important to dedicate at least an hour a day to physical activity. The famous writer Lieberman once said, “There’s no medicine that’s more important than exercise. Analyzes have shown, exercising is one of the most important medicines for the diabetic soul, keeping sugar and blood levels at a normal rate. In addition, carefully selecting portions of food that are consume daily. The disease itself is killing many different individuals despite economic statuses. Those who have the education and means usually take it for granted, when people in lower income countries inquire the access to reliable resources. Type II Diabetes impacts negatively on many facets of global development and economic sustainability. So it is crucial that this disease is be put in the forefront so that the global burden of Type II Diabetes be

This paper explores the chronic illness Type 2 diabetes. An overview of the impacts of the disease and the population at risk s provided. As a mechanism to control and assist in the prevention of the disease an education based program called Day 1 Diabetes Prevention is proposed. Such a program would target young people that are old enough to understand the consequences of the disease but still young enough to adopt positive health practices. It is considered that through such action, the number of cases of Type 2 diabetes can be significantly decreased over time as the positive health message is absorbed, understood and applied. Such an outcome will be to the befit of individuals potentially affected as well as society as a whole.

Type 2 diabetes has been a rising issue in today’s society. It has been found in many people in America at younger ages. Now that insurance companies are requiring screening to be done every year to receive reduced the monthly payments. Type 2 diabetes has affected my family just recently. My husband was diagnosed last February. He has struggled with maintaining his blood sugars over that last year. It is a hard diagnosis to make accommodations to. It is a big life style change for not only the diabetic, but also their family. Diet, exercise and family history play big roles in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

Even with the improvements in diabetes control and patient care, Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher risk of death than the general population. For the current modelling analysis, the relative risk (RR) of death was estimated to be 2.45 for patients with DME and this was estimated based on the results from two studies. Mulnier et al. reported a RR of 1.93 (95%:CI: 1.89 to 1.97) for diabetic patients when compared to the general population.23 In the second study, Hirai et al., determined that the RR of death in diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.01 to 1.61).24 By combining the two estimates, the overall RR of mortality used in the model was 2.45 (i.e. 1.93 x 1.27).

Type 2 Diabetes is a continuing epidemic in the United States, particularly among African Americans. According to the American Diabetes Association (n.d.): "African Americans are 70% more likely to have diagnosed diabetes compared to Non-Hispanic Caucasians." The two most prominent health disparities implicated in Type 2 Diabetes with African Americans are: proportionally higher rates of diagnosis and disease-related complications (Byers et al, 2016). Notably, "ineffective patient-provider communication" and "disconnection" between a patient's diagnosis and their culture/lifestyle are thought to contribute to these disparities (Kirk et al, 2014). This disconnect between biological and social reality is likely due to ineffectual patient-provider

Diabetes is common and long-term. In the U.S., more than 29 million people suffer from this disease. Of these cases, 90-95% suffer from type 2 diabetes that usually occurs after age 40. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), one in four or 8 million people don’t know they have diabetes. In its early stages, type 2 diabetes symptoms develop slowly. Patients are unaware they have serious health problems.

People are consuming large amounts of soda in the United states. This increase of soda consumption was significant enough that in 2010 the state of New York proposed to tax soda. The one cent per ounce in taxes was intended to help generate government revenue and to discourage soda consumption but the proposal did not pass (Desantis 2012). The average individual in America consumes 44.7 gallons of carbonated soft drinks in one year (Desantis 2012). If the proposal would have passed the state would have made $5, 721.60 in revenue per soda drinker. The increase of soda consumption continuing to rise, there has also been an increase of type two diabetes diagnosis in America. It is projected that 552 million people will be diagnosed with diabetes by 2030 (Harris, Oldmeadow, Hure, Luu, Loxton, & Attia 2017).

Mr. NX is a 35-year-old-male with complaint of back pain and not feeling well. He reports he has chronic back pain that is a constant tight, dull ache in which he has experienced over the past 10 years, without loss of function. He has a prior history of Type II diabetes, hypertension, and recurring deep vein thrombosis in which he routinely takes Glyburide, Lisinopril, and Coumadin for these disorders. Mr. NX reports he started a workout program three weeks prior in which he started two complementary alternative medications (CAMs) of Creatine and Coenzyme Q10. Other CAMs he reports taking is Kava Kava for anxiety and Garlic for his hypertension.

This diabetes power point was presented at an adult community center in Queens, New York called QCP. This power point highlights the importance of educating yourself on disease and more specifically diabetes. Unlike other diseases that can be managed using only medication, diabetes requires day to day knowledge of the disease including nutrition, exercise and different levels of medication. Type II diabetes can also come on later in life based on diet and exercise or lack thereof. Therefore this power point presentation was important to help people understand how to deal with diabetes and how to prevent diabetes.

Question requested: Does Invokana provide A1c reduction when adding on to Metformin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes?

In 2011-2012 approximately 95% of people with diabetes were aged 35 years or more and over 50% were aged 65 years (AIHW, 2015). This trend does seem to be changing with more young children being diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. The cause of this is seen to be the increase of obesity caused by food choices and inactivity. Data also shows that only half of Australians with diabetes were controlling their blood glucose levels and so within 20 years over 3 million Australians will be diagnosed with diabetes. The impact of lifestyle can be challenging for the individual as well as those around because it requires a change in diet which does take more time in planning and preparing meals and can make eating out and socialising challenging because

“Over 29 million people have diabetes. More than one and three adults have prediabetes, and 15 to 30 percent of them will develop type 2 diabetes within five years” (Pietrangelo 11). Diabetes are the number one health issue in America. There are two types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2. However, Type 2 is the most common in America. Therefore, the knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes is important, so that people have the understanding on how to prevent or control it.

In addition to the lifestyle changes essential for primary prevention, secondary prevention is the prevention of diabetic complications through the optimization of blood sugar control, and the alleviation of risk factors.

Diabetes is a disease that can lead to heart disease,stroke kidney disease, blindness and dental disease. It is a disorder in a way the body uses digested food for energy. While there are different types of diabetes type two diabetes is generally caused by a combination of obesity and physical inactivity. (“Causes of Diabetes”)There is no known medical cure but treatments vary for each individual but a management strategy is agreed upon between the doctor and patient. In order for patients to manage diabetes they have to know exactly what they are putting in their body, if food labels are misleading or incorrect it will cause a medical emergency and in some cases lasting negative