Health Case Study

After looking at my analysis I was surprised because there I was lacking a lot of vitamins and minerals. Without minerals, our bodies wouldn’t be able to function which is why I was worried when I saw my reports. I was lacking vitamins such as Vitamin A where my intake was 392.53 mcg when it’s supposed to be at a high 700.00 mcg. I also barely had one of the most important vitamins in my body, Vitamin D. Being one of the most important vitamins to our body a Vitamin D deficiency is not healthy for the body in any way possible. Restraining from Vitamin D can cause problems such as fatigue, hair loss, depression, anxiety, bone weakness, and being prone to more diseases because your body isn’t fighting off the illnesses brought in from the outside. Aside from lacking vitamins, I’m also lacking a good number of minerals. The recommended amount of Calcium is about 1,000mgs, but my intake fell under 454mgs. Calcium is one of the most important minerals for the human body for the bones to grow stronger to prevent diseases such as osteoporosis, which is commonly found in women after the age of 50. Osteoporosis is a common disease where the bones become weak from loss of tissues around the bone structure. Not only is osteoporosis caused by lacking Calcium, but is also caused by Vitamin D deficiency, which are two things that my body lacks. If I don’t increase my vitamin/mineral intake it could be a huge determent to my

As seen in this case study, TM was listed as a full code and no GOC conversation was had between the physicians and the patient until the day of his discharge to home. This led to an unnecessary swallowing study in which the patient needed to be uncomfortably scoped. Due to the lack of GOC conversation the patient also chose to go home with general nursing services instead of end-of-life (EOL) hospice support. In the inpatient medical oncology floors of a large teaching hospital like this one, most patients are covered by rotating interns and residents that are not comfortable having GOC conversations with patients and leave it up to the primary physician to come and discuss.

Menopause and the risk for breast cancer are interrelated in the sense that if a woman undergoes late menopause after the age of 55 years then her risk for ovarian, breast, and uterine cancer rises. This risk is even greater if menstruation occurred early prior to 12 years of age. This can be attributed the longer exposure to estrogen and also exposure to more ovulations. Other risk factors are late age at first live birth or not having given birth.

The participants were had to already be involved in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial and between 50 to 79 years of age. 32,282 participants were assigned to either a placebo or experimental group randomly. The experimental group received 2 tablets to be taken daily with meals that contained 500 mg of calcium with 200 IU of Vitamin D. The pill bottles were weighed at clinical visits to determine if the participants were taking all the prescribed pills. Personal supplementation could continue in addition to the study pills. The women were followed up with for 7 years to discover fractures, and bone density was measured at WHI centers. Fractures were verified with magnetic resonance imagining that was carried out by a physician who was blind to the study to decrease bias. Blood samples were taken after an overnight fast during randomization visits to measure the vitamin D. The vitamin D levels were measured in one blinded batch at the DiaSorin headquarters in Minnesota. A subgroup of 2,431 women at the Birmingham, Tucson, and Pittsburgh clinical centers also participated in a study measuring bone mineral density of the spine, hip, and body. It was measured at annual visits 3, 6 and 7. Linear regression was used to compare the bone density rate of change between the two groups. (Jackson, LaCroix, & Grass,

In this paper I will be addressing breast cancer. Breast cancer is a form of cancer that affects the cells of the breast. This happens when cells in the breast grow abnormally. It can spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes. This cancer can affect bones, liver, and even your brain. All women and men are at risk for breast cancer. It can affect people of every age, race, and ethnic group. Between the ages of 40 and 50, African American women have a higher chance of receiving breast cancer. The ultimate impact of breast cancer is death. Breast cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in women.

The average person's exposure to sunlight has decreased enough in the past few decades to have caused an increased incidence in vitamin D deficiency among the general population.

Since the beginning to time the sun has been the main source of life for earth. One of the most important nutrients that the sun provides for humans, as well as other organisms is vitamin D. Unfortunately, vitamin D deficiency has recently been labeled a widespread, infectious disease. The main cause of vitamin D deficiency is the belief that any exposure to the sun will be harmful so many avoid being in the sun. Another cause of vitamin D deficiency is the fact that there is a minimal amount of food that naturally contains enough vitamin D to supply our needs adequately. Vitamin D deficiency is known to cause rickets, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and bone fractures. It also has been linked to an increase risk of common cancers, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, and infectious diseases. People, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and primates depend on sun exposure for their vitamin D requirements. Also, some of the smallest life forms in the Atlantic Ocean like phytoplankton have existed for over 750 years make vitamin D when exposed to the sun.

The study concluded that “severe vitamin D deficiency predicts increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, independent of UAER and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Whether vitamin D substitution improves prognosis remains to be investigated” (Vitamin D levels and mortality in type 2 diabetes 1).

Vitamin D plays an integral role in multiple systems in the human body, from its function in Calcium and Phosphorus metabolism, to modulation of the immune and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (Grober et al. 2013). Unfortunately, factors such as diet, geographic position, and skin pigmentation are contributing to an increase of prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency around the world, consequently leading to a higher rate of associated illnesses. Namely, Cardiovascular Diseases such as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Hypertensive Vascular Disease, and Myocardial Infarction have been shown to be more common in people with lower levels of Vitamin D in their system (Lavie, Lee & Milani 2011).

A study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that 75 percent or more of American teens and adults are deficient in Vitamin D. That is why we have so many serious illnesses, like cancer, diabetes and heart disease (Huff, 2010).

There are also indirect costs associated with long-term illnesses, adding a second layer of economic burden to Dutch taxpayers. Absence and inefficient work performance in those employed with personality disorders are an example of an indirect cost to society, resulting in the annual loss of approximately 47.6 work days per person (Soeteman et al., 2008). These losses in productivity are costly, draining €7088 per person from the economy (ibid). The average total cost of all individuals with personality disorders was estimated to be €11,126, with a range of €0 to €147,759 (Soeteman et al., 2008). Another study found that those exposed to the famine in-utero demonstrated

Currently, there is lack of transparency or lack of legislation surround vector-control and vector-borne illness. Brazil’s government is based on a top-down approach (Associated Press, 2016). The top of the government is occupied by the Legislative Brand which controls the Executive Branch, directly below it. The Executive Branch contains the twenty-seven ministries, one being the Ministry of Health, which is comparable to the Department of Human and Health Services. The Legislative Branch decides the budgets for all ministries along with what operations they are allowed to carry out, that is the Ministry of Health is responsible for developing and organizing plans and policies that will promote, prevent, and facilitate the

Vitamin D is an important micronutrient that is involved in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorous, and helps establish strong bone health (1). Recent studies have shown promising results of supplementing vitamin D to pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Despite advances in medicine and health GDM is still prevalent among pregnant women, resulting in possible complications to pregnancy such as, fetal distress, preterm delivery, low birth weight, as well as risk of type 2 diabetes to the mother (1). Research links vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is also found in islet beta cells, to insulin secretion, thus possibly helping manage GDM (1). A recent study was conducted to further evaluate various doses of vitamin D and

323.1 million people make up the United States of America, and these millions secure the US as the third most populous country in the world. Japan, 6,303 miles away, ranks eleventh most populous at 127 million. Both the US and Japan are considered first world nations and classified as OECD countries (those belonging to The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). Though both the US and Japan are ranked within the top ten most influential countries in the world (according to usnews.com), Japan is considered a far healthier country overall. Though the US spends vastly more money, Japan’s more liberal attitude toward health care results in a higher life expectancy and overall higher quality of life. If the US were to impart

Yes, Vitamin D deficiency has indeed become a major cause of concern in Ireland as it has recently been highlighted that most Irish people are deficient in this essential vitamin. According to the Irish Osteoporosis society 74% of Irish adults and 88% of Irish primary school children, have less than half of the recommended daily amount of vitamin D. As well as bone health problems deficiency has recently shown cause cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This can be defined as a major problem as it is affecting on average over 80% of the population.1 In conjunction with this, this deficiency is also a major problem due to the environmental factors surrounding the Irish climate: The main source of vitamin D in the diet is the biosynthesis of Calciferol by ultraviolet B rays from the sun. Ireland lies 50-55˚ north of the equator, which means from October until March the UVB rays are too weak to synthesise vitamin D.2 Therefore Irish people have to depend on their diet as a source of Vitamin D. There are a very few dietary sources of vitamin D, the main sources including fish and eggs. The two precursors of Vitamin D are Ergosterol from plants and 7-dehydrocholesterol which is found in the skin. When UV radiation acts on these they are converted to ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol respectively. The body is then able utilise these in the liver and kidneys where they are converted to 1,25-dehydroxyvitamin D2 and 1,25-dehydroxyvitamin D3. Calciferol plays a major