Health Case Study

A way the government control diseases in the population is by planning and evaluating the health and social care provision, they do this by assessing the services that are being provided and see if they are helping problems that take place. It is also important that when infectious diseases have come up, it is a legal requirement that it is reported to the appropriate people, by doing this measures can be put in place to stop them spreading. An example for this is when diseases such as Tuberculosis (TB) and Measles are diagnosed or suspected, the local medical officer is responsible for monitoring the disease and

If governments are charged with ensuring access to health care for all its citizens, then we would not have a class in addressing health disparities. There may be some improvements needed in order to fully hold governments accountable, but it is something that will not change in the near future (Hathaway 2002). Furthermore, Braverman continues to charge the governments responsible for providing a right to health, but in reality most governments are limited in resources to address these issues. Some governments may have very dysfunctional systems in place that are not capable to provide equal health to all its citizens.

In a response to the polio outbreak of 1916, Dr. Haven Emerson, the Health Commissioner for New York City, stated: “we have learned little that is new about the disease, but much that is old about ourselves.” The meaning of this has to do with the ideology that no matter the era, people have a common response to the outbreak of contagious disease. Human nature supplies us as humans with a common reaction to dealing with disease, and it is one that can be seen during the Black Death, polio epidemics, and ebola epidemics, as well as many other epidemics. These responses can be both positive and negative, and often have to do with containment of the disease, preventative measures - which may or may not be effective; and scapegoating. Although there may be individualized responses for each of these diseases, the way in which the health-care officers and the public handle the outbreak of disease generally follows the same pattern overall.

But, they also consult with other countries and may offer assistance to these other nations as well. Beyond just controlling the outbreak of infectious disease, the CDC is detecting emerging threats to public health, taking on major health issues causing death for Americans, utilizing research for disease prevention, and using public education to promote general welfare and health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a relatively young department that has grown entwined with American culture. In the modern age, the focus has turned to disease control, just as natural disasters. With today’s highly concentrated populations the control of infectious disease is paramount. Because of the CDC, the public is not only aware of the Zika virus situation, they may also be more

‘Public health is everyone’s business’ illustrates Jones (2012, p.2). The Faculty of Public Health regard public health as a combination of health protection, health advancement and promoting health (Griffiths and Dark, 2006, cited in Jones, 2012, p.6).

In the whole of the United States, the Public Health System comprises of the National, State and community, often referred to as Local agencies (Slover, 2005). As opposed to Medical Care, Public Health focuses on the promotion of health in the community. It, further, promotes and enhances prevention of diseases and injuries to the community members. As such, the primary goal of the Public Health System lies in the promotion and protection of health in the local community (Slover, 2005).

Public health is the science and structures intended to form communal, statewide and countrywide environments that encourage health, prevent illness and boost healthy activities across the whole inhabitants. Good health outcomes not only from appropriate healthcare but also from determinations to expertise and implement public strategies and programs to guard and advance the well-being of all people. Examples of public health struggles include teaching the community about better choices, avoiding disease epidemics and the spread of communicable diseases, safeguarding safe nutrition and water in populations, preparing for disaster, avoiding injury, and much more. Representatives have policy choices at their disposal that can encourage healthy activities and change circumstances whether social, financial, and ecological to increase the health of the entire inhabitants.

It is important to recognise that public health problems are complex and can be vast in magnitude. By nature health affects all populations, and therefore health leadership and management must consider chain reactions into economic and social problems, as well as direct health outcomes.

Brazil is a country in need of health care revision to better accommodate its weakest link the very poor rule communities that is in great need of preventative care. This preventative care would help reduce the enormous stroke related deaths and disabilities to its under privileged. Preventative care would teach the under educated the essential tools needed to make lifestyle changes, giving them a better chance to prevent this debilitating disease. Allowing them to live longer and healthier lives. Furthermore, reducing the enormous cost and strain on health care and family finances.

Paternalistic policies can be effective in preventing injuries and deaths in the population (Gostin, 2008). Paternalism exists throughout Contagion. In order to keep the masses safe from contracting the MEV-1 virus, public health agencies initiated safety guidelines for the general public to follow. From a public health aspect, individual interests must yield to those of the wider community to facilitate the public’s health, safety, and well-being. The public health tradition values prevention and views its successes or failures based on the benefits and burdens that accrue to populations rather than to individuals. This

The 1970’s was a time of change in Brazilian healthcare. Many doctors and politicians alike were at odds due to a new social space: collective health. Collective health refers to problems in health across an entire population. In this case, the population was Brazil. This controversial new idea had doctors and politicians alike both at odds and working together. Many people on a political level considered this to be a waste of time, calling hygiene specifically “the dumbest thing possible” (Pinell and Vieira-da-Silva 2014). On the other side, they had doctors who had be able to merge their political beliefs with their profession, and fought for collective health. This idea would eventually lead to what is now known as universal healthcare.

Federal and States public health involvement has evolved over the years, because the relationship between the different levels of government are changing and due to the fact that we are now aware of the of threats to local communities well- being health, safety and our local communities expectations for governmental response to situations and as well

This paper defines and explains the six core functions of epidemiology: Public health surveillance, field investigation, analytic studies, evaluations, linkages, and policy development. The core functions of epidemiology lay down a foundation on which epidemiologists can begin to work from. This paper will look at the benefits of incorporating all six of these functions into a working plan when health officials, medical personnel, first responders, etc., encounter a disease or illness that needs to be identified, treated and contained.

Another governance framework in the literature is the concept of security (Kamradt-Scott 2015, Kassalow 2001, Kemp et. al 2006, Kirton et al 2014, Mustapha & Bangura 2016, Ostergard 2002, Roderick 2006, Smith et al 2003, and Sy & Copley 2014). This can be broken down into two subsets: first, that disease outbreaks can be national security problems, destabilizing economies and regimes, and even threatening international peace. Second, that building and strengthening the institutions to provide health (as well as other services like education, or food) will bring human security, which is freedom from conflict. Mustapha & Bangura (2016), Menon-Johansson (2005), and Wilkinson & Leach (2014) describe the structural violence, as decisions made, by the state, over a long period of time that have led to inequalities in the health systems and can lead to human insecurity. However, human insecurity and lack of these key resources can lead to destabilization of the state (conflict).

Availability – Health being a state subject, every state government have to make efforts to attain the state led, country and millennium developmental goals. As government alone cannot achieve this alone, it is seeking help of private players to overcome the availability and quality issues of public sector.