Health Literacy And Patient Trust On Glycemic Control

Diabetes affects nearly 10% of the total population and national cost of more than $200 billion each year in the United States (Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 2017). Before the patient protection and affordable care act (PPACA), many low-income diabetes patients had no or very limited access of health insurance coverage due to financial disadvantage. PPACA Title II-Role of public programs expanded Medicaid coverage to individuals under 133% of the federal poverty level (Obamacarefacts.com, 2013). Nurses directly interact with low-income diabetes patients to guide, advocate, educate and navigate the complex healthcare system to deliver the best evidenced care (Marquis &

In contrast to asthma, 285,000,000 people in the US had either type I, type II, or gestational diabetes in 2010 (Cavanaugh, 2010). Type 2 diabetes, which is acquired due to unhealthy lifestyle and other external factors, is more common, affecting 95 out of 100 diabetics. (Cavanaugh, 2010). The most crucial aspect of diabetes to have adequate knowledge about is glycemic blood levels (Cavanaugh, 2010). Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are extremely common due to the pancreas’s inability to correctly administer insulin, the hormone that manages glycemic blood levels, throughout the body (Cavanaugh, 2010). According to the study, those who are more proficient in math had an easier time administering their medications (Cavanaugh, 2010). This is due to the necessary method of injecting insulin based upon measured levels of blood sugar using a device that pricks the skin, and calculates a value by testing the blood (Cavanaugh, 2010). While a lot of it is done automatically with today’s society, a basic instruction on how the electronic devices used would dramatically affect literacy outcomes (Cavanaugh, 2010). Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia is more common with individuals possessing inadequate health literacy (Cavanaugh, 2010). Without the proper knowledge, 30% of those with Type 2 diabetes are expected to have hypoglycemic emergency events, and out of the 14,000 tested, 11% of them did have a hypoglycemic

Diabetes has recently become a focal point of health care systems around the world due to its high prevalence and the severity of secondary complications caused by the disease. Over the course of my project on diabetes, I have had the opportunity to speak with a group of diabetics to understand from a patient’s perspective how diabetes is managed in a rural community. While I found that while some patients ignored treatment and refused to make any dietary changes, the majority of the patients I interviewed were well-informed and actively managing diabetes in their everyday life.

The goal is to increase the percentage of understanding of diabetes and how to live empowered with diabetes. I will conduct outreach programs in various methods to reach the people to participate in the health program. My objective is done by specific, measurable, achievable, results-focused, and time-bound (SMART) goals. By May 31, 2018, an increase of 40% establishes one-on-one follow up education session with each individual and families through home visits or phone calls to monitor them to improve their lifestyles. By February 30, 2018, an increase of 80% distribution of brochures and with door to door interactions with the individuals in the community. By September 2018, increase 90% of people to engage in community health fair, classes, and exercise activities on diabetes and cardiovascular classes. This will introduce the individuals in social support that allow interactions with teaching and

Diabetes is a serious medical condition that can also be a risk factor for the development of many different diseases and conditions including dementia, heart disease, and CVA. Thus, effective management of diabetes is very important. Patient compliance can be difficult to achieve if the person affected with diabetes is not educated about the illness or treatment, has not fully accepted the diagnosis or its severity, will not change habits or believes that the prescribed treatment regime is too difficult or ineffective, has cultural beliefs conflicting with the treatment regime, experiences stressful events, lacks social support, or suffers from psychiatric issues unrelated to diabetes (Gerard, Griffin, & Fitzpatrick, 2010). As one may expect, adequate education programs are essential tools when dealing with diabetics. Solid education will provide the patient with information as well as teaching the necessary skills to manage the disorder. The primary focus of any diabetes education program must be to empower patients as a part of the multidisciplinary team. This team should be focused at integrating diabetes into the lives of the patients and this focus should be based on the decisions made by the patient, otherwise the treatment plan can be looked on as forced (Gerald et al., 2010). Every patient stricken with diabetes has the right to benefit from an education program of this type. First, basic education and facts should be administered directly following the diagnosis of

The rate of diabetes in the United States is one of the highest compared to other developed countries. An estimate of 9.3% of the population have diabetes, of those with diabetes 27.8% have yet to be diagnosed (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). This means that approximately 8.1 million people are currently living with diabetes, but are unaware of it. As of 2012, 12.3% of people with diabetes were 20 years old or older, the largest population diagnosed with diabetes were adults 65 years old or older. 25.9% of this population lives with diabetes (CDC, 2014). On a national level, the CDC have launched initiatives that focus on prevention and disease management. The National Diabetes Prevention Program is an example of one such initiative. This program focuses on lifestyle changes,

In 2003 The United States Department of Education completed the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) and for the first and only time, so far, it also included items to measure the Health literacy level of adults in the U.S. This assessment intended to measure the capacity of adult individuals to sucessfully comprehend the healthcare system, basic understanding of medical conditions and all knowledge related to interaction with providers, medication management and basic knowledge on preventive measures. The results of the assessment were classified among other items by gender, race and ethnicity, language, age, level of education and poverty threshold (Kutner et al., 2006) but what is this concept and how is this related to us as nurses?

Individuals that have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are cared for by a variety of people like podiatrist, district nurses, DSNs, GPs, and practice nurses. Good communication between these professionals and the person with type 2 diabetes can lead to better insight into the individual’s life, therefore helping to plan and provide the best care for that person. This can reduce repetition, improve quality of care for people with diabetes type 2 and

It also shows that not having someone to help these patients manage their diabetes as an obstacle to good diabetes management. This study created a plan and this plan was able to be tested to show its effectiveness in diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuous medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications[ ].

In my every day practice, though I work with a different patient population, the results of this study show the applicability of health education for family and patients in improving health outcomes. Even with health topics other than diabetes, health education is pivotal to improve knowledge, self-management, and patient compliance. With adequate knowledge in disease processes, patients can make better choices, maintain their health, and adequately prevent complications. Though the demographic aspects will be different, the outcome achieved in this study would remain relatively similar.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease where patient education is imperative and requires education that surpasses the primary care office. According to Cha et al. (2012) basic education and family involvement is an essential component for pre-diabetic and diabetic population to achieve glycemic control. Time management and time constraint are obstacles that are affecting the primary care provider in initiating health promotion topics and disease prevention information (Kowinsky, Greenhouse, Zombek, Rader & Reidy, 2009). Recognizing the time constraint at the EBP change project site for health promotion and patient education a culturally sensitive educational program would be created to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors targeting African Americans with prediabetes.

The review of literature section will define diabetes and prediabetes, identify the prevalence and major risk factors for diabetes, and present behavioral changes that can reduced the risk of developing diabetes. This section discusses the types of presentations and teaching methods that have been utilized in diabetes prevention and the health belief model. The final paragraphs in the review of literature present the learning theory and delivery method of instructional designs, which are ideal for a diabetes prevention program.

Diabetes is associated with wide range of complications such as chronic renal failure, blindness, amputations, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and neuropathy (Alotabi, A., et al., 2016). There is no known cure for diabetes, but the disease can be controlled through health management that includes multiple perspectives of care such as medications, blood glucose monitoring, diet, nutrition, screening for long-term complications and regular physical activity (Alotabi, A., et al., 2016). Managing diabetes may be complicated and requires the knowledge and skills of both healthcare providers and the clients. Studies have shown that to prevent or delay diabetic complications due to diabetes, counseling and other lifestyle interventions are the effective therapy. Even with many policies set up for diabetes, 8.1 million Americans are undiagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and approximately 86 million Americans ages 20 and older have blood glucose levels that considerably increase their risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus in the next several years (CDC, 2015). For diabetes care to be successful there needs to be a good understanding of the disease and management by both patients and healthcare providers,

The teaching focuses on diabetes. The teaching plan also lay out the signs and symptoms to watch out for. The three main types of diabetes and who is at risk for each one. The church members were given materials to learn more about the disease. We explore some of the most common myth about diabetes. The group were given the opportunity to decide if the statement was a myth or a fact. Furthermore, the community were made aware of the importance of reading food labels. Many food labels contain high amount of sugar with can add up to the calories needed per day. Additionally, the group understand that not everyone can prevent diabetes. Some people can minimize their risks by staying active and eat a healthy well-balanced diet every day. There